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OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.4.2
  • What's New
  • What is OceanBase Database
    • Overview
    • Feature differences between the Enterprise Edition and Community Edition
    • System architecture
    • Compatibility with Oracle
      • Overview of Compatibility with Oracle
      • SQL data types
      • Built-in functions
      • System views
    • Compatibility with MySQL
    • Limitations
  • Get Started
    • Quick start with OceanBase Database Community Edition
    • Learn OceanBase SQL
      • Before you begin
      • Basic SQL operations (MySQL-compatible mode)
      • Basic SQL operations (Oracle-compatible mode)
    • Build a sample application (MySQL-compatible mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
      • Build a Go application
    • Build a sample application (Oracle-compatible mode)
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
    • Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
      • Scalable OLTP
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
        • Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
      • Try out operational OLAP
      • Try out parallel import and data compression
      • Try out the multi-tenant feature
  • Develop
    • Develop applications (MySQL-compatible mode)
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using the mysql client
        • Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using DBeaver
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Navicat
        • Use database connection pool
          • Connection pool configuration
          • Tomcat
          • c3p0
          • Proxool
          • HikariCP
          • DBCP
          • Commons Pool
          • Druid
          • JDBC
      • Sample applications
        • Java
          • Spring Boot
          • Spring Batch
          • Spring JDBC
          • Spring Data JPA
          • Hibernate
          • MyBatis
          • Connector/J
          • TestContainers
        • Python
          • mysqlclient
          • PyMySQL
          • MySQL-connector-python
          • SQLAlchemy
          • Django
          • peewee
        • C
          • MySQL Connector/C
        • Go
          • Go-SQL-Driver/MySQL
          • GORM
        • PHP
          • EXT
          • MySQLi
          • PDO
        • Rust
          • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Rust
          • Connect to OceanBase Database by using SeaORM
        • Ruby
          • ActiveRecord
          • mysql2
          • Sequel
      • Plan database objects
        • Create a database
        • Create a table group
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
        • Create an external table
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
        • Generate test data in batches
      • Read data
        • Single-table queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
          • Lateral derived table
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
          • Lock query results with SELECT FOR UPDATE
          • Use the SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE statement to lock query results
          • Use regular expressions in queries
        • Use a DBLink in queries
        • Set operations
      • Transactions
        • Transaction management overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
          • Release a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Application errors
        • Troubleshooting guidelines
          • Error code introduction
          • Error handling specifications for MySQL-compatible applications
        • Common errors and troubleshooting practices
          • Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
          • Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
          • Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
          • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
          • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
          • Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
          • Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
          • Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
          • ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
          • Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
    • Develop applications (Oracle-compatible mode)
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview of connection methods
        • Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database using DBeaver (Oracle-compatible mode)
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Navicat (Oracle-compatible mode)
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database Connection Pool Configuration
          • Tomcat
          • c3p0
          • Proxool
          • HikariCP
          • DBCP
          • Commons Pool
          • Druid
      • Sample applications
        • Java
          • OceanBase Connector/J
          • Spring Boot
          • Spring Batch
          • Spring Data JDBC
          • Spring Data JPA
          • Hibernate
          • MyBatis
          • JFinal
        • Python
          • Python Driver Oracle Mode
        • C/C++
          • OceanBase Connector/C
          • OceanBase Connector/ODBC
          • SqlSugar
      • Plan database objects
        • Create a table group
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
        • Create an external table
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
        • Generate test data in batches
      • Read data
        • Single-table queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
          • Lateral derived tables
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the SELECT...FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Use a DBLink in queries
        • Set operations
        • Pagination
      • Transactions
        • Transaction management overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Application errors
        • Troubleshooting guidelines
          • About error codes
          • Error handling specifications for Oracle-compatible applications
  • Deploy
    • Deployment overview
    • HA deployment solutions for OceanBase clusters
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • Deployment process
      • Before deployment
        • Prepare servers
        • Configure servers
        • Prepare installation packages
        • Deploy OAT
      • Deploy through GUI
        • Configure deployment environment using OAT
          • Add a server
        • Deploy OCP
          • OCP deployment instructions
          • Upload installation packages
          • Create MetaDB
          • Deploy OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters using OCP
          • Deploy a two-replica OceanBase cluster with the arbitration service by using OCP
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
        • (Optional) Deploy ODP
      • Deploy through CLI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Initialize OBServer nodes by using oatcli
          • (Optional) Configure the clock source
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters using CLI
          • Deploy a two-replica OceanBase cluster with the arbitration service by using the CLI
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster by using the CLI
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster by using the CLI
        • (Optional) Deploy ODP
      • Deploy the OceanBase Database Java SDK
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Deployment overview of OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Deploy locally
        • Hardware and software requirements
        • Before deployment
          • (Optional) Create a user
          • (Optional) Set password-free SSH login
          • (Optional) Configure the clock source
          • (Optional) Perform disk planning
          • (Optional) Configure limits.conf
          • (Optional) Configure sysctl.conf
          • (Optional) Disable the firewall and SELinux
        • Deploy through GUI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of obd
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using the CLI
        • Deploy OceanBase Database by using systemd
        • Deploy OceanBase Database in a container environment
      • Deploy an OceanBase cluster in a Kubernetes environment
      • Deploy OceanBase Desktop
    • Clean up an OceanBase cluster
    • Recommended configurations
  • Upgrade
    • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • Upgrade overview
      • Upgrade an arbitration service
      • Upgrade an OceanBase cluster
      • Check upgrade results
    • OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Upgrade OceanBase Database by using obd
  • Migrate
    • Data migration Overview
    • Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL database to a MySQL-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use mydumper and myloader to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • DTS
      • Huawei Cloud CDM
      • Huawei DRS
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use OMS to migrate incremental data from an Oracle-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use Canal to synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use CloudCanal to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use Flink CDC to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use ChunJun to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
    • Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to a MySQL-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to an Oracle-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
    • Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to a MySQL-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to an Oracle-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate table schemas from a DB2 LUW database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to DB2 databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
    • Migrate from TiDB databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a TiDB database to a MySQL-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from PostgreSQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a PostgreSQL database to a MySQL-compatible tenant of OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
    • Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data between OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase tenant to another of the same type
      • Use OMS to create an active-active disaster recovery project for OceanBase Database tenants of the same type
      • Use obloader & obdumper to migrate data between MySQL-compatible tenants in OceanBase Database
      • Use obloader & obdumper to migrate data from a MySQL-compatible tenant to an Oracle-compatible tenant in OceanBase Database
      • Use obloader & obdumper to migrate data between Oracle-compatible tenants in OceanBase Database
      • Use obloader & obdumper to migrate data from an Oracle-compatible tenant to a MySQL-compatible tenant in OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data using SQL statements
      • Migrate data between tables
      • Migrate resource units
      • Export data using the OUTFILE statement
    • Overview of direct load
  • Manage
    • Log in to an OceanBase tenant
    • Manage clusters
      • Cluster introduction
      • Cluster parameters
      • Common cluster operations
        • View a zone
        • View a node
        • Restart a node
        • Add a node
        • Delete a node
        • Isolate a node
        • Replace a node
        • Start a zone
        • Add a zone
        • Delete a zone
        • Modify a zone
        • Isolate a zone
        • View cluster parameters
        • Modify cluster parameters
        • Reset cluster parameters
      • Troubleshoot common problems
        • Failures of a minority of nodes
        • Failures of the majority of nodes
    • Manage tenants
      • Tenant introduction
      • Tenant capacity
      • Tenant types
      • User tenant introduction
      • Tenant system variables
      • Common tenant operations
        • Create a tenant
        • Resource isolation
          • Overview of resource isolation
          • Manage resource isolation (Oracle-compatible mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure global CPU resource isolation for frontend and backend tasks
            • Calibrate the disk performance
            • Configure resource isolation within a tenant
            • Update a plan directive
            • Delete a plan directive
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
          • Manage resource isolation (MySQL-compatible mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure global CPU resource isolation for foreground and background tasks
            • Calibrate the disk performance
            • Configure resource isolation within a tenant
            • Update resource management plan directive
            • Delete a plan directive
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
          • Example configuration for resource isolation of background tasks
        • View tenant and resource information
        • View and set the tenant allowlist
        • View system variables of a tenant
        • Modify system variables of a tenant
        • Scale in/out
          • Introduction to scaling in and out
          • Resource planning for tenant scale-in and scale-out
          • Tenant pre-scaling
          • Modify the unit config for a tenant
          • Adjust the unit number for tenant scaling in and out
          • Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
          • Example of smooth scaling in and out
        • Modify attributes of a resource pool
        • Modify attributes of a tenant
        • Lock and unlock a tenant
        • Drop a tenant
        • Restore a tenant
        • Rename a tenant
        • Manage resource pools
          • View resource pools
          • Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
          • Remove a resource pool from a tenant
          • Merge and split resource pools
          • Drop a resource pool
        • Manage unit configs
          • Query resource specifications (unit configs)
          • Modify resource specification (unit config)
          • Delete resource specification (unit config)
        • Manage services
          • Create a service
          • Query the service status
          • Start a service
          • Stop a service
          • Delete a service
    • Manage log streams
      • Create a log stream
      • Modify a log stream
    • Manage replicas
      • Replica introduction
      • Replica distribution
        • Locality overview
        • Common locality operations
          • View locality
          • Modify locality
          • Add replicas
          • Reduce replicas
          • Change the replica type
          • Adjust replica distribution
          • View the locality change history
          • Migrate replicas
          • Modify the number of Paxos replicas of a log stream
          • Cancel a replica task
      • Traffic distribution
      • Data distribution
    • Data load balancing
      • Overview of data load balancing
      • Transfer partitions
      • Cancel a "Transfer Partition" task
      • Cancel a load balancing job
      • Pause and resume a load balancing job
      • Table group weight management
        • Aggregation of user tables in a database
        • Set table group weights
        • Clear table group weights
        • Application scenarios of table group weight balancing
      • Partition weight management
        • Set partition weights
        • Clear partition weights
      • Partition balancing
        • Configure a scheduled partition balance task
        • Manually trigger partition balancing
        • View the configuration of the scheduled partition balancing task
        • View the trigger history of the scheduled partition balancing task
        • View the partition balancing tasks in the background
        • View the history of partition balancing tasks in the background
      • Isolating GTS for high availability: a practical example
    • High availability
      • High availability overview
      • Multi-replica disaster recovery
        • Data link introduction
        • Proxy layer high availability
        • Database-level high availability
        • Disaster recovery architecture and levels
      • Physical standby database disaster recovery
        • Physical standby database overview
        • Limitations
        • Create a standby tenant
          • Preparations before creating standby tenants
          • Create an empty standby tenant
          • Create a standby tenant by using the backup and restore (with complete logs) feature
          • Create a standby tenant by using the BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG feature
        • Log transmission service
          • Log transmission service overview
          • Configure log transmission service
            • Set a log restore source
            • Specify a log restore endpoint
            • Configure standby database delay
          • View log restore source information
          • View the log synchronization progress
          • Pause or resume log synchronization
          • Optimize the log synchronization performance
          • Set the log synchronization bandwidth limit
          • Set log synchronization compression
        • Log storage service
        • Protection mode
          • Protection mode overview
          • Protection mode and protection level
          • Set the strongly synchronized downstream
          • Set the protection mode
          • Primary/standby switchover and protection modes
        • Switch roles
          • Overview of tenant roles
          • Switchover
          • Failover
        • Delete a primary or standby tenant
        • Delayed standby application cases
      • Arbitration high availability
        • Arbitration service overview
        • Enable the arbitration service for a tenant
        • Disable the arbitration service for a tenant
        • Modify the log stream downgrade control time
        • Query log stream upgrade and downgrade information
        • Replace the arbitration service for a cluster
        • Remove the arbitration service for a cluster
        • Clear residual cluster information
      • Manage recycle bin
        • Recycle bin overview
        • Enable or disable the recycle bin
        • View objects in the recycle bin
        • Restore objects from the recycle bin
        • Purge the recycle bin
      • Flashback queries
    • Security and permissions
      • Overview of security and privileges
      • Identification and authentication
        • MySQL-compatible mode
          • Identity authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Login failure processing
          • Dual password management
        • Oracle-compatible mode
          • Identity authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Login failure processing
          • Password rollover
      • Access control
        • Access control overview
        • Users and permissions
          • Overview of users and privileges
          • MySQL-compatible mode
            • Privilege types in MySQL-compatible mode
            • Create a user
            • Grant direct privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Role management
              • Overview
              • Create a role
              • Grant privileges to a role
              • Grant a role to a user or another role
              • Activate a role
              • View roles
              • Revoke privileges from a role
              • Revoke a role from a user or another role
              • Drop a role
            • Grant indirect privileges
            • View user privileges
            • Revoke privileges
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
          • Oracle-compatible mode
            • Privilege types in Oracle-compatible mode
            • Create a user
            • View the information of a user
            • Grant direct privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Manage roles
              • Role management overview
              • Create a role
              • Grant a role to another role
              • Grant a role to a user
              • Activate or deactivate roles for a user
              • View roles
              • Modify a role
              • Revoke a role
              • Drop a role
            • Grant indirect privileges
            • View user privileges
            • Revoke privileges
            • Use a proxy user
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
        • Network security access control
        • RPC connection authentication
        • Row-level access control
      • Data encryption
        • Data encryption overview
        • Data transfer encryption
          • Data transmission encryption overview
          • OBServer transmission encryption
          • ODP transmission encryption
        • Tenant master key management
          • Overview of tenant master keys
          • Generate a tenant master key (MySQL-compatible mode)
          • Generate a tenant master key (Oracle-compatible mode)
        • Transparent data encryption
          • Database transparent encryption overview
          • Transparent data encryption (MySQL-compatible mode)
            • Enable TDE for new tables
            • Enable transparent data encryption for an existing table
            • Decrypt a table
          • Transparent data encryption (Oracle-compatible mode)
            • Enable TDE for new tables
            • Enable TDE for existing tables
            • Decrypt a table
        • Column encryption
          • Overview of column encryption
          • Column encryption (MySQL-compatible mode)
            • Create a column encryption rule
            • Column encryption privilege management
          • Column encryption (Oracle-compatible mode)
            • Create a column encryption rule
            • Column encryption privilege management
          • Frequently asked questions about column encryption
      • Security audit
        • Security audit overview
        • MySQL-compatible mode
          • Enable security auditing
          • Set auditing rules
          • View auditing records
          • Disable security auditing
          • Appendix: Complete SQL types supported by general_sql_command
        • Oracle-compatible mode
          • Enable security auditing
          • Set and view auditing rules
          • View auditing records
          • Audit user logins
          • Audit user operations
          • Audit specified database objects
    • Backup and restore
      • Physical backup and restore
      • Experience physical backup and restore with simplified deployment
      • Deploy NFS
      • Log archive
        • Overview of log archiving
        • Prepare for log archiving
        • Enable ARCHIVELOG
        • Suspend archiving
        • Disable ARCHIVELOG
        • View information about pieces
        • View the archiving progress
        • View the archiving history
        • View archiving parameter settings
        • Change the archive destination
        • Clear the archive path configuration
        • Views related to log archiving
      • Data backup
        • Overview
        • Prepare for backup
        • Initiate a full data backup job
        • Initiate an incremental data backup job
        • Back up to a specified directory
        • Back up parameters
        • Stop a backup job
        • View the data backup progress
        • View the data backup history
        • View parameters related to data backup
        • Modify the source-side backup path configuration
        • Change the backup destination
        • Views related to data backup
      • Update `access_id` and `access_key` information for the backup or archive path
      • Clear backup data
        • Automatically clear backup data
          • Automatically clean up expired backups
          • Delete a cleanup policy
        • Manually clear backup data
          • Manually trigger the cleanup of expired backups
          • Manually clean up specified backup or archive data
          • Manually clear the backup path or archive path
        • Cancel a cleanup task
        • Query the backup cleanup progress
        • View the results of backup cleanup
        • Backup cleanup parameter
        • Views related to backup cleanup
      • Backup validation
        • Backup validation overview
        • Validate the entire backup and archive path
        • Validate a specified backup set or log archive piece
        • Validate backup sets or log archive pieces in a specified path
        • Cancel backup validation
        • View backup validation progress
        • View backup validation results
      • Restore data
        • Prepare before restore
        • Perform physical restore
        • Restore from a specified path
        • Cancel physical restore
        • View the physical restore progress
        • View physical restore results
        • Replay logs to a standby tenant
        • Convert a standby tenant into primary tenant
        • Upgrade a tenant after restore
        • Parameters related to physical restore
        • Views related to physical restore
      • Restore by table
        • Overview of table-level restore
        • Preparations before table-level restore
        • Perform table-level restore
        • Schema restore after table-level restore
        • Cancel table-level restore
        • Check the progress of table-level restore
        • Check the results of table-level restore
        • Parameters related to table-level restore
        • Views related to table-level restore
      • Backup and restore performance tuning
      • Example of configuring the source backup and archive paths
      • Appendix: S3 path format
    • Monitor
      • Monitoring overview
      • Metrics
        • System monitoring
          • System monitoring metrics overview
          • SYSSTAT metrics
          • Wait events
          • Latch events
        • SQL monitoring
          • SQL monitoring overview
          • SQL audit
          • Execution plans
      • Cases
      • Arbitration Service Monitoring
    • Logs
      • Log overview
      • Log levels
      • Log interpretation
      • Log stability
      • Log control
      • Log compression and decompression
      • Log metrics
      • Alert logs
      • View logs
        • Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
        • Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
    • Routine inspection
      • Routine inspection overview
      • Check cluster parameters
      • Check host information
      • Check tenant resource usage
      • Check cluster resource usage
      • Check OBServer status
      • Check the NTP offset
      • Deadlock detection
      • Check the log synchronization and replay status of primary and standby tenants
      • End-to-end tracing
        • End-to-end tracing overview
        • End-to-end tracing process
        • End-to-end tracing methods
        • Show end-to-end tracing information
        • Quick start: End-to-end diagnosis with obdiag
    • Performance tuning
      • Performance tuning overview
      • Identify bottlenecks on the data link
      • Identify bottlenecks within components
        • ODP performance bottlenecks
        • ODP performance analysis
        • OBServer performance bottlenecks
          • OBServer performance issues overview
          • Non-optimal plan
            • Non-optimal plan
            • Buffer tables
            • Plan optimality for account size skew
          • Hard parsing issues
          • Capacity issues
          • Internal wait events
      • SQL tuning
        • SQL tuning system
        • Execution plan optimization
          • Statistical information and row estimation
            • Overview of statistics and row estimation mechanism
            • Statistical information
              • Overview
              • Collect statistical information
                • Overview
                • Manually collect statistics
                • Automatic statistics collection
              • Query statistics
              • Manage statistical information
                • Overview
                • Delete and set statistics
                • Import and export statistics
                • Lock statistics
                • Query historical versions of statistics and roll back to a specified version
                • Configure statistics collection strategies
            • Row estimation
              • Overview
              • Row estimation based on selectivity
              • Row estimation based on the storage layer
            • Use statistical information and row estimation
          • Plan management
            • Plan cache overview
            • Disadvantages of the plan cache and countermeasures
            • Views related to the plan cache
          • Index selection
            • Index selection overview
            • Reduce row reads
            • Avoid table access by index primary key
            • Avoid sorting
          • Join
            • Joins
            • Join algorithm
              • Nested loop joins
              • Hash Join
              • Merge join
              • Common business issues
            • Join types
            • Join order
          • Order and limit optimization
            • Overview of order by and limit optimization
            • SORT assignment and optimization
            • Optimization in ORDER BY + LIMIT scenarios
        • Business logic optimization
          • SQL specifications
          • Schema specifications
        • Locate and analyze slow queries I
        • Locate and analyze slow queries II
        • Typical SQL tuning scenarios and cases
    • Troubleshooting
      • Error handling fundamentals
      • Bootstrap
      • Storage
        • Dump and major compaction
        • Memory-related issues
        • Migration, replication, and rebuild
      • Election
        • Election
        • Leader switchover exceptions
        • No leader
      • Transaction
        • Transaction issues
        • Transaction rollbacks
        • Long transaction
        • Hung transaction
        • Idle transaction
      • Log synchronization-related errors
      • Physical standby database
        • Diagnose physical standby database log synchronization and replay exceptions
        • Log synchronization stuck for the physical standby database
        • Switchover and failover issues
        • Other issues
      • Backup and restore
        • Data backup failures
        • Physical restore failures
      • Arbitration server process startup failures
      • FAQ about manual operations on log streams
      • Materialized view exception diagnosis
      • Troubleshoot SQL execution errors
      • Application exceptions -- error messages without OceanBase error codes
      • Application exceptions -- error messages with OceanBase error codes
      • Troubleshoot application disconnection issues
      • External table common issue troubleshooting guide
      • Troubleshooting with ASH
        • General approach to troubleshooting using ASH
        • Troubleshoot CPU resource imbalance
        • Troubleshoot I/O bottlenecks
      • Frequently used SQL for troubleshooting
        • Query tenant_id and table_id
        • Information about the table
        • Query the primary table of an index
        • Query table fragmentation
        • View indexes with abnormal status
        • Query deadlocks
        • Query the partition name
        • Query the number of temporary tables
        • Query row locks
    • Emergency response
      • Emergency response overview
      • Analysis, diagnosis, and decision-making procedure
      • Common emergency problem handling
        • Hardware issues
          • Node failure
          • Network jitter
          • ODP failure
          • Other hardware and network issues
        • Capacity issues
          • SQL query exceptions
          • Node disk I/O high
          • Node network card overload
          • Tenant memory full
          • obproxy thread exhaustion
          • Node clog disk full
          • Node data disk full
          • Tenant request queue backlog
        • Other cluster issues
          • sys tenant or RootService exceptions
          • Insufficiency or leakage of system memory
  • OceanBase AP
    • AP Version Update History
    • Overview of OceanBase AP
    • Core features of OceanBase AP
    • Quick start with OceanBase Database AP
    • Deployment
      • Overview of OceanBase AP Deployment
      • Parameter configuration recommendations for AP scenarios
      • Deploy and use columnstore replicas
    • Data table design
      • Overview of tables
      • Data distribution
        • Dynamic partitioning
      • Data design best practices
        • Data table design and query optimization in AP scenarios
        • JSON Multi-Valued and Full-Text Indexing
        • Table partitioning design in OLAP scenarios
    • Data migration
      • Data migration overview
      • Migrate data from a heterogeneous data source to OceanBase Database
      • Homogeneous data migration
      • Migrate data from the big data ecosystem
      • Migrate data from a mainstream AP database to OceanBase Database
    • Data collection
      • Overview
      • Data subscription
      • Import data
        • Overview
        • Direct load
          • Overview of direct load
          • Full direct load
          • Incremental direct load
          • Import data in direct load mode by using obloader
          • Efficient data loading with full direct load and partition exchange
        • Import data to an external table
        • Data import strategies and best practices
    • 300.obap-data-transfer
      • 300.data-import
        • Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
    • Data processing
      • Data processing in OceanBase
      • Data processing tools
      • Materialized view query acceleration
        • Accelerate queries with materialized views
        • Practice scenarios of materialized views
    • Data lake
      • Data catalog
        • Overview of data catalogs
        • Internal catalog
        • ODPS catalog
        • HMS Catalog
      • Data lake integration
        • External table overview
        • MaxCompute external tables
        • URL external tables of OceanBase Database
        • File external tables
    • Query acceleration
      • Overview
      • Statistics
      • Select a query parallelism level
    • Export data
    • Data visualization
    • Performance diagnosis and tuning
      • Use the DBMS_XPLAN package for performance diagnostics
      • Use the GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR view for performance analysis
      • Views related to AP performance analysis
    • Ecosystem integration
    • Tutorials
      • AP tutorial
      • Accelerate offline queries in OceanBase by using the HMS catalog
      • Query and read/write MaxCompute (ODPS) data in OceanBase Database
    • AP FAQ
  • OceanBase AI
    • Overview
      • Overview of vector search
      • Core features of vector search
      • AI application workflow using OceanBase vector search
    • Quick start
      • Quick start: vector search with SQL
      • Quick start: vector search with Python
    • Vector embedding technology
    • Store vector data
    • Vector index
      • Overview
      • Vector index memory management
      • Dense vector index
        • Overview
        • Index type selection
        • HNSW index
        • IVF index series
      • Monitor and maintain indexes
      • Optimize the performance of vector search
    • SQL functions
    • Vector similarity search
    • Hybrid search
      • Full-text and vector hybrid search
    • AI function service
      • AI function service quick start
      • AI function service permissions
      • AI model registration
      • AI function syntax and examples
    • Migrate to OceanBase Database from a vector database
    • Tutorials
      • Vector search tutorial overview
      • Build an intelligent Q&A chatbot with OceanBase
      • Build an image search application with OceanBase Database
      • Build a cultural tourism assistant with OceanBase multi-model integration
    • AI integrations
      • Overview of AI integration
      • OpenAI
      • Qwen
      • LangChain
      • LlamaIndex
      • Dify
      • n8n
      • Spring AI
      • Cline
      • Cursor
      • Continue
    • VectorDBBench benchmark testing
    • References
      • Overview of vector data types
      • Compatibility
      • Supported clients and languages
        • Supported clients and languages for vector search
        • pyobvector Python SDK interface
        • Java SDK interface
    • Vector search FAQ
  • Integrations
    • Integration overview
    • ORM frameworks
      • Java
        • Spring Boot
        • SpringBatch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • SpringDataJPA
        • Hibernate
        • MyBatis
      • Python
        • SQLAlchemy
        • peewee
        • Tortoise ORM
      • Go
        • GORM
        • beego ORM
      • Rust
        • SeaORM
        • Diesel
      • Ruby
        • Active Record
        • Sequel
        • Ruby on Rails
      • Node.js
        • Sequelize
        • TypeORM
        • Prisma
        • Drizzle
      • C#
        • Dapper
        • SqlSugar
        • FreeSQL
      • PHP
        • Yii 2.0 ORM
        • Laravel Eloquent ORM
    • Database version management
      • Liquibase
      • Flyway
    • Data integration
      • Apache Flink
        • Apache Flink
        • Flink DirectLoad
        • Flink Connector OceanBase
      • dbt
      • SeaTunnel
      • Dataphin
      • Maxwell
      • Debezium
      • Spark Catalog
      • NiFi
      • Qlik Replicate
      • RisingWave MySQL-CDC
    • SQL development
      • WebLogic
      • DBeaver
      • Navicat
      • DataGrip
      • TablePlus
      • DMS
    • Orchestration and scheduling
      • DolphinScheduler
      • Linkis
    • Visualization tools
      • Superset
      • Power BI
      • Quick BI
      • Tableau
      • GuanData
      • vividime
      • Excel
    • Database management
      • NineData
      • Bytebase
      • DataHub
      • Zabbix
    • AI
      • OpenAI
      • Qwen
      • LangChain
      • LlamaIndex
      • Dify
      • n8n
      • Trae
      • SpringAI
      • Cline
      • Cursor
      • Continue
      • MCP Toolbox
      • CamelAI
      • Firecrawl
      • Hugging Face
      • Ollama
      • Google Gemini
      • Cloudflare Workers AI
      • Jina AI
      • Augment Code
      • Claude Code
      • Kiro
  • Tutorials
    • Build an image search application with OceanBase Database
    • Build an intelligent Q&A assistant with OceanBase Database
    • Build a cultural tourism assistant with OceanBase multi-model integration
    • Build an offline data warehouse and visual dashboard with OceanBase
    • Analyze data in OceanBase Database using Superset
    • Build a WordPress website with OceanBase Database
    • Efficiently retrieve large volumes of news data using full-text indexing
    • Use Spark to process and analyze large volumes of data in OceanBase Database quickly
    • Use direct load to accelerate the import of massive data
    • OceanBase MCP Server
  • Reference
    • OceanBase concepts
      • OceanBase Database architecture
      • Development of OceanBase Database
      • Multi-tenant architecture
        • Multi-tenant architecture overview
        • Compatibility modes
        • Tenant introduction
        • Tenants and resource management
          • Tenant resource management
          • Multi-tenant resource isolation
          • Resource unit balancing
      • Database objects
        • Oracle-compatible mode
          • Introduction
            • Database objects overview
            • Database object types
            • Database object storage
            • Dependencies between database objects
          • Tables
            • Table overview
            • Data type
              • Data type overview
              • Character data types
              • Numeric data types
              • Datetime data types
              • ROWID data types
              • LOB data types
              • Format model
                • Format model overview
                • Number format models
                • Datetime format models
              • Multi-model data types
              • User-defined data types
            • Integrity constraints
            • Table storage
            • Table compression
            • Partitioned table
            • Replicated table
            • Tables with and without a primary key
            • Temporary table
            • Table group overview
          • Indexes
            • Overview of indexes
            • Local and global indexes
            • Unique and non-unique indexes
            • Full-text index
            • Use indexes
            • Index storage
          • Partitions
            • Partition overview
            • Partitioning keys
            • Partitioning types
            • Partitioned indexes
            • External table partitions
          • Views
            • Views in a database
            • Standard views
              • Standard views
              • View overview
              • OceanBase-specific views
              • Oracle-compatible views
              • View operations and data access
            • Materialized views
          • Other objects
            • Sequences
            • Synonyms
          • System views
            • Dictionary views
            • Performance views
          • Data integrity
            • Data integrity overview
            • Integrity constraint type
              • Integrity constraint types overview
              • NOT NULL constraints
              • UNIQUE KEY constraints
              • PRIMARY KEY constraints
              • FOREIGN KEY constraints
              • CHECK constraints
            • Use of integrity constraints
        • MySQL-compatible mode
          • Introduction
            • Database objects overview
            • Database object types
            • Database object storage
            • Dependencies between database objects
          • Tables
            • Table overview
            • Data type
              • Overview
              • Numeric data types
              • Datetime data types
              • Character data types
              • LOB data types
              • Multi-model data types
              • Spatial data types
              • JSON data types
            • Integrity constraints
            • Table storage
            • Table compression
            • Partitioned table
            • Replicated table
            • Tables with and without a primary key
            • Table groups
          • Indexes
            • Overview of indexes
            • Local and global indexes
            • Unique and non-unique indexes
            • Spatial indexes
            • Full-text index
            • Use indexes
            • Index storage
          • Partitions
            • Partition overview
            • Partitioning keys
            • Partitioning types
            • Partitioned indexes
            • External table partitions
          • Views
            • Views in a database
            • Standard views
              • Overview
              • Overview
              • OceanBase-specific views
              • MySQL-compatible views
              • Oracle-compatible views in MySQL-compatible tenants
              • Oracle-compatible views in the sys tenant
              • View operations and data access
            • Materialized views
          • System views
            • Dictionary views
            • Performance views
          • Data integrity
            • Overview
            • Integrity constraint type
              • Overview
              • NOT NULL constraints
              • UNIQUE KEY constraints
              • PRIMARY KEY constraints
              • Foreign key constraints
            • Use of integrity constraints
      • Distributed database objects
        • Distributed database objects overview
        • Cluster architecture
        • Data partitions and replicas
          • Log stream and replica overview
          • Log streams
          • Partition replica type
            • Log stream replica overview
            • Full-featured replica
            • Read-only replicas
            • Columnstore replica
          • Multi-replica consensus protocols
          • Data balancing
            • Intra-tenant balancing
            • Views and parameters related to data balancing
        • Dynamic scaling
          • Cluster-level scaling
          • Tenant-level scaling
      • Data link
        • Data link overview
        • Database proxy
          • Proxy overview
          • SQL routing
          • Connection management
          • ODP configuration management
          • Logs and monitoring
        • Database connector
          • Database driver overview
          • OBCI
          • OceanBase Connector/J
          • OceanBase Connector/C
        • Cross-data source access through DBLink
          • DBLink in MySQL-compatible mode
          • DBLink in Oracle-compatible mode
      • User interface and query language
        • SQL
          • Introduction
            • SQL overview
            • SQL data access
            • SQL standards
          • SQL statements
            • SQL statement overview
            • DDL
            • Monitor DDL execution progress
            • DML
            • DCL
          • SQL request execution process
          • SQL execution plan
          • Distributed execution plan
            • Distributed execution and parallel query
            • Generate distributed plans
            • Enable and disable parallel query
            • Manage distributed execution plans
            • Optimize parameters for parallel query
        • PL
          • PL concepts
            • Oracle-compatible mode
              • Subprograms
              • Stored procedures
              • Functions
              • Triggers
              • Packages
            • MySQL-compatible mode
              • Subprograms
              • Stored procedures
              • Functions
              • Triggers
          • PL execution mechanism
        • Client programming languages
      • Transaction management
        • Transaction
          • Overview
          • Transaction structure
          • Statement-level atomicity
          • Global Timestamp Service (GTS)
          • Transaction control
            • Transaction control overview
            • Active transactions
            • Savepoint
            • Transaction control statements
              • MySQL transaction control
              • Oracle transaction control
          • Redo logs
          • Local transactions
          • Distributed transaction
            • Distributed transaction overview
            • Two-phase commit
          • XA transactions
        • Transaction concurrency and consistency
          • Data concurrency and consistency overview
          • Multi-version read consistency
          • Concurrency control
            • Concurrency control overview
            • Lock mechanism
            • Lock Wait Mgr
          • Transaction isolation level
            • Transaction isolation level overview
            • Transaction isolation levels in Oracle-compatible mode
            • Transaction isolation levels in MySQL-compatible mode
          • Weak-consistency read
      • Storage architecture
        • Storage architecture overview
        • Data storage
          • Data storage overview
          • MemTable
          • SSTable
          • Columnar storage
          • Compression and encoding
        • Compaction
          • Overview of dumping and merging
          • Dump (Mini and minor compactions)
          • Merge (Major compaction)
        • Multi-level caching in shared-nothing architecture
        • Query processing
        • Data integrity
          • Detect silent data corruption
      • Data reliability and high availability
        • High availability architecture
          • High availability architecture overview
          • ODP high availability
          • Leader election in distributed systems
          • Multi-replica log synchronization
          • Paxos protocol
          • Automatic handling of node failures
        • Disaster recovery deployment plan
        • Data protection
          • Data protection overview
          • Flashback queries
          • Recycle bin
        • Backup and restore
          • Backup and restore overview
          • Backup directory structure
          • Backup architecture
          • Restore process
        • Arbitration-based high availability solution
        • Physical Standby Database solution
      • Database security
        • Security mechanism overview
        • Identity authentication
        • Access control
        • Data transmission encryption
        • Data storage encryption
        • Monitoring and alerting
        • Security audit
      • OBServer node architecture
        • Structure of the OBServer node installation directory
        • Configuration file
        • observer thread model
          • Thread introduction
          • Worker threads
          • Background threads
        • Logs
        • Memory management
          • Memory management overview
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Memory-related views
          • Memory-related logs
          • Memory problem diagnosis
        • Plugin mechanism
    • System management
      • Configuration management
        • Configuration management introduction
        • Set parameters
        • Set variables
      • Storage management
        • Minor compaction management
          • Dump management overview
          • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
          • Manually initiate a minor compaction
          • View minor compaction information
          • Modify minor compaction parameters
        • Major compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a major compaction
          • Configure scheduled major compactions
          • Adaptive major compactions
          • Manually initiate a major compaction
          • Manually control a major compaction
          • View major compaction information
          • Modify major compaction settings
        • Data compression
          • Overview
          • Data encoding and compression
      • Memory management
        • Memory management overview
        • Memory structure
        • Maximum database memory
        • Manage internal system memory
        • Memory management in a tenant
        • Manage the memory of the plan cache
        • Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
        • Query memory usage information
        • Common memory problems
      • Process management
        • Overview of OceanBase threads
        • Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
        • View the thread status
        • Background threads of OceanBase Database
        • FAQ about multi-tenant threads
      • Disk management
        • Configure dynamic expansion of disk data files
        • View the disk space used by a tenant or table
    • Database object management
      • Overview of database object management
      • MySQL-compatible mode
        • Create and manage databases
          • Create a database
          • View databases
          • Modify a database
          • Drop a database
        • Create and manage tables
          • About tables
          • Create a table
          • Column skip index attribute
          • Define an auto-increment column
          • Define column constraints
          • Query tables
          • Change a table
          • Change the attribute of a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
          • Lock a table
          • Create and manage external tables
            • About external tables
            • Create an external table
            • Create external table partitions
            • Manage external files
            • Data type mapping
        • Create and manage partitions
          • Partition overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Partition splitting
            • Partition splitting overview
            • Manual partition splitting
            • Automatic partition splitting
            • Recommended configurations for automatic partitioning
          • Dynamic partitioning
            • Overview of dynamic partitioning
            • Create a dynamic partitioned table
            • Query a dynamic partitioned table
            • Modify a dynamic partitioned table
            • Dynamic partition management tasks
          • Modify partitioning rules
          • Add a partition
          • Drop a partition
          • Truncate a partition
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create indexes on partitioned tables
            • Index overview
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
          • Partition exchange
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create a table group
          • Query information about a table group
          • Add tables to a table group
          • Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
          • Manage tables in a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage indexes
          • About indexes
          • Create an index
          • Query indexes
          • Monitor indexes
          • Drop an index
          • System functions supported for function-based indexes
          • System functions not supported for function-based indexes
        • Manage views
          • Manage standard views
          • Manage materialized views
            • Overview of materialized views
            • Materialized view logs
            • Create a materialized view
            • Refresh a materialized view
            • Rewrite queries based on materialized views
            • Query materialized views
            • Modify the attributes of a materialized view
            • Drop a materialized view
            • Resource isolation for materialized views
        • Create and manage sequences
          • Create a sequence
          • Query sequences
          • Reference a sequence
          • Modify a sequence
          • Drop a sequence
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Trigger overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Query trigger information
          • Drop a trigger
        • Create and manage DBLinks
          • Create a DBLink
          • Query existing DBLinks
          • Manage DBLinks
          • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
          • Drop a DBLink
        • Create and manage catalogs
          • Catalog overview
          • Create a catalog
          • View a catalog
          • Drop a catalog
      • Oracle-compatible mode
        • Create and manage tables
          • About tables
          • Create a table
          • Column skip index attribute
          • Define column constraints
          • Query the definition of a table
          • Modify a table
          • Change the replicated table attribute
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
          • Lock a table
          • Create and manage external tables
            • About external tables
            • Create an external table
            • Create external table partitions
            • Manage external files
            • Data type mapping
        • Create and manage partitions
          • Partition overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Partition splitting
            • Partition splitting overview
            • Manual partition splitting
            • Automatic partition splitting
            • Recommended configurations for automatic partitioning
          • Dynamic partitioning
            • Overview of dynamic partitioning
            • Create a dynamic partitioned table
            • Query a dynamic partitioned table
            • Modify a dynamic partitioned table
            • Dynamic partition management tasks
          • Modify partitioning rules
          • Rename a partition
          • Add a partition
          • Drop a partition
          • Truncate a partition
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create indexes on partitioned tables
            • Index overview
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
          • Partition exchange
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create a table group
          • Query information about a table group
          • Add tables to a table group
          • Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
          • Manage tables in a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage indexes
          • About indexes
          • Create an index
          • Query indexes
          • Monitor indexes
          • Drop an index
          • List of system functions supported for function-based indexes
          • System functions not supported for function-based indexes
        • Manage views
          • Manage standard views
          • Manage materialized views
            • Overview of materialized views
            • Materialized view logs
            • Create materialized views
            • Refresh a materialized view
            • Rewrite queries based on materialized views
            • Query materialized views
            • Modify the attributes of a materialized view
            • Drop a materialized view
            • Materialized view resource isolation
        • Manage sequences
        • Manage synonyms
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Trigger overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
          • Create a composite trigger
          • Modify and drop a trigger
          • Disable or enable a trigger
          • Query trigger information
        • Manage directories
        • Create and manage DBLinks
          • Create a DBLink
          • Query existing DBLinks
          • Manage DBLinks
          • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
          • Use a DBLink to modify the data in a remote database
          • Drop a DBLink
          • Install and configure OCI
    • Database design specifications and practices
      • Object naming conventions
        • Overview of object naming conventions
        • Tenant naming conventions
        • User naming conventions
        • Table naming conventions
        • Field naming conventions
        • Other naming conventions
      • Object structure design specifications
        • Field design
        • Table structure design
        • Partitioned table design
        • Index design
        • Other structural designs
      • Character set specifications
      • Database connection specifications
      • Comments
      • ORM conventions
      • Exception handling
    • SQL reference
      • Introduction to SQL
      • SQL syntax
        • System tenants
          • Overview
          • ALTER SYSTEM
            • ACTIVATE STANDBY
            • ADD REPLICA
            • ADD RESTORE SOURCE
            • ARCHIVELOG
            • ARBITRATION
            • BOOTSTRAP
            • BACKUP KEY
            • BACKUP
            • BACKUP CLUSTER PARAMETERS
            • BALANCE TASK
            • BALANCE JOB
            • CANCEL BACKUP
            • CANCEL DELETE BACKUP
            • CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
            • CANCEL REPLICA TASK
            • CANCEL RESTORE
            • CANCEL RECOVER TABLE
            • CANCEL TRANSFER PARTITION
            • CANCEL VALIDATE
            • CLEAR RESTORE SOURCE
            • CREATE LS
            • DELETE BACKUP POLICY
            • DELETE BACKUP ALL
            • DELETE BACKUPSET/ARCHIVELOG_PIECE
            • DELETE OBSOLETE BACKUP
            • LOAD MODULE DATA
            • MAJOR and MINOR
            • MIGRATE REPLICA
            • MIGRATE UNIT
            • MODIFY LS
            • MODIFY PAXOS_REPLICA_NUM
            • MODIFY REPLICA
            • NOARCHIVELOG
            • FLUSH PLAN CACHE
            • FLUSH SEQUENCE CACHE
            • FLASHBACK STANDBY LOG
            • JOB
            • SET LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
            • PARAMETER
            • RECOVER STANDBY
            • RECOVER STANDBY CANCEL
            • REMOVE REPLICA
            • REFRESH
            • RESTORE
            • RESTORE PREVIEW
            • RECOVER TABLE
            • SET DATA_BACKUP_DEST
            • SERVER
            • SERVICE_NAME
            • SWITCHOVER
            • SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST
            • SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE
            • SET SYNC_STANDBY_DEST
            • SET STANDBY TENANT
            • THROTTLE
            • TRANSFER PARTITION
            • VALIDATE
            • WASH MEMORY FRAGMENTATION
            • ZONE
          • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
          • ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
          • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
          • ALTER TENANT
          • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
          • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
          • CREATE TENANT
          • CREATE STANDBY TENANT
          • DROP RESOURCE POOL
          • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
          • DROP TENANT
          • SET DECRYPTION
          • SET ENCRYPTION
          • SHOW RESTORE PREVIEW
        • User tenants (MySQL-compatible mode)
          • Basic elements
            • Data types
              • Overview
              • Numeric types
                • Overview
                • Integer data types
                • Fixed-point data types
                • Floating-point data types
                • Bit value data type
              • Datetime types
                • Overview
                • DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
                • TIME type
                • YEAR type
              • String types
                • Overview
                • CHAR and VARCHAR
                • BINARY and VARBINARY
              • Large objects and text types
                • Overview
                • BLOB types
                • TEXT types
                • STRING types
                • LOB types
              • ENUM type
              • SET type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create a JSON value
                • Query and modify JSON values
                • Convert a JSON data type
                • Update partial JSON data
                • Semi-structured encoding
              • Spatial data types
                • Overview
                • SRS
                • Create a spatial column
                • Create a spatial index
                • Spatial data formats
              • Roaring bitmap types
                • Overview
                • Create an efficient compressed bitmap column
              • Array data types
                • Overview of array element types
                • Create an array column
              • Map data types
                • Overview of the map data type
                • Create map columns
            • Expressions
              • Overview
              • Expression syntax
              • Data type conversion rules
            • Character set and collation
              • Overview
              • Character set
              • Collations
              • Database-level character set and collation
              • Table-level character set and collation
              • Column-level character sets and collations
              • Character expression character sets and collations
              • Character sets and collations for client connection
            • Literals
              • Overview
              • Strings
              • Numbers
              • Datetime values
              • Bit values
              • Boolean values
              • NULLs
            • Schema object names
            • User-defined variables
            • Comments
          • Operators
            • Overview of operators
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Bitwise operators
            • Comparison operators
            • Logical operators
            • Assignment operators
            • Date and time operators
            • Concatenation operators
            • BINARY operator
            • CASE conditional operator
          • Functions
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Datetime functions
                • ADDDATE
                • CONVERT_TZ
                • CURDATE
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIME
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • CURTIME
                • DATE
                • DATE_ADD
                • DATE_FORMAT
                • DATE_SUB
                • DATEDIFF
                • DAYOFMONTH
                • DAYOFWEEK
                • DAYOFYEAR
                • EXTRACT
                • FROM_DAYS
                • FROM_UNIXTIME
                • GET_FORMAT
                • HOUR
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIME
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MAKEDATE
                • MAKETIME
                • MICROSECOND
                • MINUTE
                • MONTH
                • MONTHNAME
                • NOW
                • PERIOD_ADD
                • PERIOD_DIFF
                • QUARTER
                • SEC_TO_TIME
                • SECOND
                • STR_TO_DATE
                • SUBDATE
                • SUBTIME
                • SYSDATE
                • TIME
                • TIME_FORMAT
                • TIME_TO_SEC
                • TIME_TO_USEC
                • TIMEDIFF
                • TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMPADD
                • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                • TO_DAYS
                • TO_SECONDS
                • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                • USEC_TO_TIME
                • UTC_DATE
                • UTC_TIME
                • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                • WEEK
                • WEEKDAY
                • WEEKOFYEAR
                • YEARWEEK
                • YEAR
                • ADDTIME
                • DAYNAME
                • DAY
              • String functions
                • ASCII
                • BIN
                • BIT_LENGTH
                • CHAR
                • CHAR_LENGTH
                • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                • CONCAT
                • CONCAT_WS
                • ELT
                • EXPORT_SET
                • FIELD
                • FIND_IN_SET
                • FORMAT
                • HEX
                • INSERT
                • INSTR
                • INT2IP
                • IP2INT
                • KEYVALUE
                • LCASE
                • LEFT
                • LENGTH
                • LOCATE
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • MAKE_SET
                • MD5_CONCAT_WS
                • MID
                • OCT
                • OCTET_LENGTH
                • ORD
                • POSITION
                • QUOTE
                • REGEXP
                • REGEXP_INSTR
                • REGEXP_LIKE
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPEAT
                • REPLACE
                • REVERSE
                • RIGHT
                • RLIKE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SPACE
                • SPLIT_PART
                • STRCMP
                • SUBSTR
                • SUBSTRING
                • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                • TRIM
                • UCASE
                • UNHEX
                • UPPER
                • URL_DECODE
                • URL_ENCODE
                • WEIGHT_STRING
                • TO_BASE64
                • FROM_BASE64
                • SOUNDEX
              • Conversion functions
                • CAST
                • CONVERT
                • DECODE_TRACE_ID
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • TO_CHAR(character)
                • TO_CHAR(number)
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
              • Mathematical functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BIT_COUNT
                • CEIL
                • CEILING
                • CONV
                • COS
                • COT
                • CRC32
                • DEGREES
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • GENERATOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • LOG10
                • LOG2
                • MOD
                • NEG
                • NORMAL
                • PI
                • POW
                • POWER
                • RADIANS
                • RAND
                • RANDOM
                • RANDSTR
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TRUNCATE
                • UNIFORM
                • ZIPF
              • Comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • INTERVAL
                • ISNULL
                • LEAST
              • Process control functions
                • CASE
                • IF
                • IFNULL
                • NULLIF
                • ORA_DECODE
            • Aggregate functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • ARG_MAX
              • ARG_MIN
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • GROUP_CONCAT
              • GROUPING
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WINDOW_FUNNEL
            • Analysis functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • NTH_VALUE
              • NTILE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • RANK
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Encryption functions
              • AES_DECRYPT
              • AES_ENCRYPT
              • COMPRESS
              • DECODE
              • DES_DECRYPT
              • DES_ENCRYPT
              • ENCODE
              • ENCRYPT
              • ENHANCED_AES_ENCRYPT
              • ENHANCED_AES_DECRYPT
              • MD5
              • PASSWORD
              • UNCOMPRESS
              • UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
              • RANDOM_BYTES
              • SHA
              • SHA1
              • SHA2
              • VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
              • SM3
              • SM4_ENCRYPT
              • SM4_DECRYPT
            • Information functions
              • BENCHMARK
              • CHARSET
              • COERCIBILITY
              • COLLATION
              • CONNECTION_ID
              • CURRENT_ROLE
              • CURRENT_USER
              • DATABASE
              • FOUND_ROWS
              • LAST_INSERT_ID
              • LAST_INSERT_ID Behavior Description
              • ICU_VERSION
              • OB_TRANSACTION_ID
              • ROW_COUNT
              • SCHEMA
              • SESSION_USER
              • SYSTEM_USER
              • USER
              • VERSION
              • OB_VERSION
            • JSON functions
              • Overview
              • Functions for creating JSON text
                • JSON_ARRAY
                • JSON_OBJECT
                • JSON_QUOTE
              • Functions for searching JSON text
                • JSON_CONTAINS
                • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
                • JSON_EXTRACT
                • JSON_KEYS
                • JSON_OVERLAPS
                • JSON_SEARCH
                • JSON_VALUE
                • MEMBER OF
              • Functions for modifying JSON text
                • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
                • JSON_APPEND
                • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
                • JSON_INSERT
                • JSON_MERGE
                • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
                • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
                • JSON_REMOVE
                • JSON_REPLACE
                • JSON_SET
                • JSON_UNQUOTE
              • Functions for returning JSON text properties
                • JSON_DEPTH
                • JSON_LENGTH
                • JSON_TYPE
                • JSON_VALID
              • `JSON_TABLE`
              • JSON utility functions
                • JSON_PRETTY
                • JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
              • JSON aggregate functions
                • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                • JSON_OBJECTAGG
              • JSON schema validation functions
                • JSON_SCHEMA_VALID
                • JSON_SCHEMA_VALIDATION_REPORT
            • XML functions
              • Overview
              • Functions for querying XML data
                • EXTRACTVALUE
              • Functions for modifying XML data
                • UPDATEXML
            • Table functions
              • Overview of TABLE FUNCTIONS
              • FILES table function
            • Spatial functions
              • Overview
              • Functions that create geometry values
              • Spatial operation functions
              • Spatial relation functions
              • Geometry property functions
              • Geometry format conversion functions
              • Spatial analysis functions
              • Spatial constructor functions
              • Spatial accessor functions
              • Spatial format conversion functions
              • Geometry processing functions
              • _ST_GeoHash
            • Performance schema functions
              • FORMAT_BYTES
              • FORMAT_PICO_TIME
            • Lock functions
              • Overview
              • GET_LOCK
              • IS_FREE_LOCK
              • IS_USED_LOCK
              • RELEASE_ALL_LOCKS
              • RELEASE_LOCK
            • Bitmap functions
              • Overview
              • RoaringBitmap constructor
              • Bitmap cardinality functions
              • Roaring bitmap operation functions
              • Roaring bitmap judgment functions
              • Roaring bitmap output functions
              • Roaring bitmap aggregate functions
            • Array functions
              • Overview
              • Array constructor functions
              • Array judgment functions
              • Array output functions
              • Array operation functions
            • Text processing functions
              • TOKENIZE
            • Auditing functions
              • Overview
              • AUDIT_LOG_FILTER_REMOVE_FILTER
              • AUDIT_LOG_FILTER_REMOVE_USER
              • AUDIT_LOG_FILTER_SET_FILTER
              • AUDIT_LOG_FILTER_SET_USER
              • AUDIT_LOG_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD_SET
              • AUDIT_LOG_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD_GET
            • Map functions
              • Overview of map functions
              • Mapping constructor
              • Mapping comparison functions and operators
              • Mapping Operation Functions
            • Other functions
              • ANY_VALUE
              • BIN_TO_UUID
              • COALESCE
              • DEFAULT
              • NAME_CONST
              • INET_ATON
              • INET_NTOA
              • INET6_ATON
              • INET6_NTOA
              • IS_IPV4
              • IS_IPV4_COMPAT
              • IS_IPV6
              • IS_UUID
              • MATCH AGAINST
              • NVL
              • UUID_TO_BIN
              • SLEEP
              • UUID
              • UUID_SHORT
              • VALUES
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Subqueries
            • Joins
            • Full-text search
          • SQL statements
            • General syntax
            • Common table expressions
            • ALTER COMPILE
            • ALTER DATABASE
            • ALTER LOCATION
            • ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
            • ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
            • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
            • ALTER OUTLINE
            • ALTER SENSITIVE RULE
            • ALTER SEQUENCE
            • ALTER/CHANGE/MODIFY EXTERNAL_STORAGE_DEST
            • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SEQUENCE CACHE
            • MAJOR and MINOR
            • VALIDATE
            • ALTER TABLE
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER TABLESPACE
            • ALTER USER
            • ALTER VIEW
            • ALTER INSTANCE ROTATE INNODB MASTER KEY
            • ANALYZE
            • CACHE INDEX
            • CREATE CONCURRENT_LIMITING_RULE
            • CREATE DATABASE LINK
            • CREATE DATABASE
            • CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG
            • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
            • CREATE INDEX
            • CREATE LOCATION
            • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
            • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
            • CREATE OUTLINE
            • CREATE FORMAT OUTLINE
            • CREATE RESTORE POINT
            • CREATE ROLE
            • CREATE SEQUENCE
            • CREATE SENSITIVE RULE
            • CREATE TABLE
            • CREATE TABLEGROUP
            • CREATE TABLESPACE
            • CREATE USER
            • CREATE VIEW
            • CHECKSUM TABLE
            • CREATE EVENT
            • DEALLOCATE PREPARE
            • DROP DATABASE LINK
            • DELETE
            • DESCRIBE
            • DROP CATALOG
            • DROP CONCURRENT_LIMITING_RULE
            • DROP DATABASE
            • DROP INDEX
            • DROP LOCATION
            • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
            • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
            • DROP OUTLINE
            • DROP ROLE
            • DROP SENSITIVE RULE
            • DROP TABLE
            • DROP TABLEGROUP
            • DROP TABLESPACE
            • DROP SEQUENCE
            • DROP USER
            • DROP VIEW
            • DROP RESTORE POINT
            • EXECUTE
            • EXPLAIN
            • FLASHBACK
            • FLUSH TABLE
            • GRANT
            • HELP
            • INSERT
            • KILL
            • LOAD DATA
            • LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE
            • LOCK TABLES
            • OPTIMIZE
            • PREPARE
            • PURGE
            • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
            • RENAME USER
            • RENAME TABLE
            • REPLACE
            • REPAIR TABLE
            • REMOVE
            • REVOKE
            • SAVEPOINT
            • SCHEMA
            • SELECT INTO
            • SELECT
              • SELECT
              • JOIN clause
              • WINDOW clause
              • UNION clause
            • SET DEFAULT ROLE
            • SET
            • SET CATALOG
            • SET CHARSET
            • SET NAMES
            • SET PASSWORD
            • SET ROLE
            • SET TRANSACTION
            • SHOW
            • SUBMIT JOB
            • SHOW JOB STATUS
            • CANCEL JOB
            • TRANSACTION
            • TRUNCATE TABLE
            • UNLOCK TABLES
            • UPDATE
            • USE
            • VALUES
            • XA transaction
          • DDL feature
            • Overview
            • Online and offline DDL operations
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Generated column operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
            • Conversion rules for numeric data types
          • Pseudocolumns
            • Overview
            • PARTITIONID pseudo-column
            • Pseudo columns of sequences
        • User tenants (Oracle-compatible mode)
          • Pseudo columns
            • Overview
            • Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
            • Sequence pseudocolumns
            • ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
            • ROWNUM pseudocolumn
            • ROWID pseudocolumn
            • PARTITIONID pseudo-column
          • Basic elements
            • Built-in data types
              • Overview
              • Character data types
                • Overview
                • CHAR data type
                • NCHAR data type
                • NVARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR data type
              • Numeric data types
                • Overview
                • NUMBER data type
                • FLOAT data type
                • Floating-point numbers
                • Precedence of numeric data types
              • Datetime and interval data types
                • Overview
                • DATE data type
                • TIMESTAMP data type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE data type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
                • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
                • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
                • Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
              • RAW data type
              • Large object data types
                • Overview
                • BLOB data type
                • CLOB data type
                • LOB types
              • Rowid data types
              • User-defined data types
              • Any types
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create a column of the JSON data type
                • Query JSON data
                • Conversion rules for JSON data types
              • XML data types
                • Overview
                • XML data definition
                • Create a column of the XMLType data type
                • Query XMLType data
                • Conversion of the XMLType data type
              • Spatial data types
                • Overview
                • Create a spatial column
                • SDO_GEOMETRY attribute access
                • Create a spatial index
            • Data type comparison rules
              • Overview
              • Numeric value comparison rules
              • Date value comparison rules
              • Character value comparison rules
              • Data type precedence
              • Data type conversion rules
              • Security considerations for data conversion
            • Literals
              • Overview
              • Text literals
              • Numeric literals
              • Datetime literals
                • Date literals
                • Timestamp literals
              • Interval literals
            • Format model
              • Overview
              • Number format models
              • Datetime format models
              • RR datetime format element
              • String-to-date conversion rules
            • NULL value
              • Overview
              • NULLs in SQL functions
              • NULLs in comparison conditions
              • NULLs in conditional expressions
            • Annotations
              • Overview
              • Remarks about SQL statements
              • Comments on schema and non-schema objects
              • Hints
                • Overview
                • Use query block name and QB_NAME hint to control query optimization
                • Hint list
                  • Global hints
                    • Optimizer Stats Hint
                    • Transform Hint under the Global Hints category
                    • Other hints in the GLOBAL hint category
                  • Optimized hints
                    • Access path hints
                    • Join order hints in the Optimized Hint category
                    • Join operation hints in the Optimized Hint category
                    • Subquery hints in the Optimized Hint category
                    • Group By Hint in the Optimized Hint category
                    • DISTINCT hint
                    • Set Hint under Optimized Hint
                    • Distributed DML hints in the Optimized Hint category
                  • Transform hints
                    • Stmt Transform Hint
                    • Cost-based transform hints
                    • Heuristics transform hints
                    • Other hints under the TRANSFORM hint type
                  • Outline-related hints
            • Database objects
              • Schema objects
              • Non-schema objects
            • Database naming conventions
              • Overview
              • Suggestions on schema object names
            • Database object reference methods
              • Overview
              • Reference schema objects
              • Reference objects in a remote database
                • Create a DBLink
                • Reference a DBLink
              • Refer to partitioned tables and indexes
              • Reference an attribute or method of an object type
            • Character sets and collations
          • Operators
            • Overview of operators
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Concatenation operator
            • Hierarchical query operators
            • Set operators
            • COLLATE operator
          • Functions
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Numeric functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BITAND
                • CEIL
                • COS
                • COSH
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • GENERATOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • MOD
                • NANVL
                • NORMAL
                • POWER
                • REMAINDER
                • ROUND
                • RANDOM
                • RANDSTR
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SINH
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TANH
                • TRUNC
                • UNIFORM
                • WIDTH_BUCKET
                • ZIPF
              • String functions that return a string
                • CHR
                • CONCAT
                • INITCAP
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • NLS_LOWER
                • NLSSORT
                • NLS_UPPER
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPLACE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SOUNDEX
                • SUBSTR
                • SUBSTRB
                • TRANSLATE
                • TRANSLATE ... USING
                • TRIM
                • UPPER
                • SCORE
              • String functions that return numbers
                • ASCII
                • INSTR
                • INSTRB
                • INSTRC
                • LENGTH
                • LENGTHB
                • LENGTHC
                • POSITION
                • REGEXP_COUNT
                • REGEXP_INSTR
              • Datetime functions
                • ADD_MONTHS
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • DBTIMEZONE
                • EXTRACT(datetime)
                • FROM_TZ
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                • NEXT_DAY
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • ROUND (date)
                • SESSIONTIMEZONE
                • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
                • SYSDATE
                • SYSTIMESTAMP
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • TRUNC (date)
                • TZ_OFFSET
              • Generic comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • LEAST
              • Conversion functions
                • ASCIISTR
                • CAST
                • CHARTOROWID
                • CONVERT
                • HEXTORAW
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • RAWTOHEX
                • RAWTONHEX
                • ROWIDTOCHAR
                • ROWIDTONCHAR
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
                • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
                • TO_BLOB
                • TO_CHAR(character)
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_CHAR(number)
                • TO_CLOB
                • TO_DATE
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_MULTI_BYTE
                • TO_NUMBER
                • TO_NCHAR(character)
                • TO_NCHAR(datetime)
                • TO_NCHAR(number)
                • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • UNISTR
                • NLS_CHARSET_ID
              • Encoding and decoding functions
                • DECODE
                • DUMP
                • ORA_HASH
                • VSIZE
              • Null value related functions
                • COALESCE
                • LNNVL
                • NANVL
                • NULLIF
                • NVL
                • NVL2
                • TIMESTAMP_NVL
              • Environment and identifier functions
                • SYS_CONTEXT
                • SYS_GUID
                • UID
                • USER
                • USERENV
                • OB_VERSION
              • Hierarchical functions
                • SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
              • Large object functions
                • EMPTY_BLOB
                • EMPTY_CLOB
              • JSON functions
                • Overview
                • Create JSON text functions
                  • JSON_ARRAY
                  • JSON_OBJECT
                  • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                  • JSON_OBJECTAGG
                • Query JSON text functions
                  • JSON_VALUE
                  • JSON_QUERY
                  • JSON_EXISTS
                  • JSON_TABLE
                • Validate JSON text functions
                  • JSON_EQUAL
                • Modify JSON text functions
                  • JSON_MERGEPATCH
              • XML functions
                • Overview
                • Construct XMLType data functions
                  • XMLAGG
                  • XMLATTRIBUTES
                  • XMLELEMENT
                  • XMLPARSE
                  • XMLCONCAT
                  • XMLFOREST
                • Query XMLType data functions
                  • EXTRACT
                  • EXTRACTVALUE
                  • XMLSERIALIZE
                  • XMLCAST
                  • XMLTABLE
                  • XMLSEQUENCE
                  • EXISTSNODE
                • Modify XMLType data functions
                  • UPDATEXML
                  • INSERTCHILDXML
                  • DELETEXML
              • Spatial functions
                • Overview
                • Constructor functions
                • Spatial query functions
                • Format conversion functions
            • Aggregate functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • GROUPING
              • KEEP
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • REGR_(Linear Regression)
              • ROLLUP
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WINDOW_FUNNEL
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
              • GROUP_ID
              • GROUPING_ID
            • Analysis functions
              • Overview
              • AVG
              • ARG_MIN
              • ARG_MAX
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • KEEP
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • NTILE
              • NTH_VALUE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • RATIO_TO_REPORT
              • REGR_(Linear Regression)
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
            • Information functions
              • OB_TRANSACTION_ID
            • Table functions
              • Overview of TABLE FUNCTIONS
              • FILES table function
            • Audit functions
              • Overview of audit functions
              • AUDIT_LOG_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD_SET
              • AUDIT_LOG_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD_GET
          • Expressions
            • Overview
            • Simple expressions
            • Compound expressions
            • Case expressions
            • Column expressions
            • CURSOR expressions
            • Datetime expressions
            • Function expressions
            • Interval expressions
            • Scalar subquery expressions
            • Type constructor expressions
            • Expression list
          • Conditions
            • Overview
            • Condition precedence
            • Comparison conditions
            • Floating-point conditions
            • Logical conditions
            • Pattern-matching conditions
            • NULL conditions
            • Compound conditions
            • BETWEEN condition
            • EXISTS condition
            • IN condition
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Simple queries
            • Hierarchical queries
            • Composite queries
            • JOIN queries
            • Subqueries
            • Lateral derived tables
            • DUAL table query
            • Full-text query
          • SQL statements
            • DDL
              • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
              • ALTER INDEX
              • ALTER KEYSTORE
              • ALTER LOCATION
              • ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
              • ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
              • ALTER OUTLINE
              • ALTER PROFILE
              • ALTER ROLE
              • ALTER SENSITIVE RULE
              • ALTER SEQUENCE
              • ALTER SESSION
              • ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE/DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION
              • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH CACHE
              • ALTER/CHANGE/MODIFY EXTERNAL_STORAGE_DEST
              • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SEQUENCE CACHE
              • ALTER SYSTEM SET PARAMETER
              • VALIDATE
              • ALTER TABLE
              • ALTER TABLEGROUP
              • ALTER TABLESPACE
              • ALTER USER
              • ALTER VIEW COMPILE
              • COMMENT
              • CREATE CONTEXT
              • CREATE CONCURRENT_LIMITING_RULE
              • CREATE DIRECTORY
              • CREATE DATABASE LINK
              • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
              • CREATE INDEX
              • CREATE KEYSTORE
              • CREATE LOCATION
              • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
              • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
              • CREATE OUTLINE
              • CREATE PROFILE
              • CREATE FORMAT OUTLINE
              • CREATE ROLE
              • CREATE SEQUENCE
              • CREATE SENSITIVE RULE
              • CREATE SYNONYM
              • CREATE TABLE
              • CREATE TABLEGROUP
              • CREATE TABLESPACE
              • CREATE USER
              • CREATE VIEW
              • DROP CONTEXT
              • DROP CONCURRENT_LIMITING_RULE
              • DROP DATABASE LINK
              • DROP DIRECTORY
              • DROP INDEX
              • DROP LOCATION
              • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
              • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
              • DROP OUTLINE
              • DROP PROFILE
              • DROP ROLE
              • DROP SENSITIVE RULE
              • DROP SEQUENCE
              • DROP SYNONYM
              • DROP TABLE
              • DROP TABLEGROUP
              • DROP TABLESPACE
              • DROP USER
              • DROP VIEW
              • RENAME
              • TRUNCATE TABLE
              • MAJOR and MINOR
            • DML
              • DELETE
              • INSERT
              • MERGE
              • PURGE
              • EXPLAIN
              • SELECT
                • SIMPLE SELECT
                • Set-based SELECT
                • WITH CLAUSE
                • JOIN clause
                • APPLY clause
              • UPDATE
            • DCL
              • ANALYZE
              • ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
              • AUDIT
              • COMMIT
              • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
              • GRANT
              • KILL
              • LOAD DATA
              • LOCK TABLE
              • REMOVE
              • REVOKE
              • ROLLBACK
              • SAVEPOINT
              • SELECT INTO
              • SET NAMES
              • SET PASSWORD
              • SET ROLE
              • SET VARIABLE
              • SHOW
              • SHRINK
              • TRANSACTION
          • DDL feature
            • Overview
            • Online and offline DDL operations
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Generated column operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
            • Conversion rules for numeric data types
      • SQL specifications and practices
        • Limitations on writing SQL statements
        • SQL writing specifications
          • SELECT statements
          • DML statements
          • DDL statements
          • Multi-table join specifications
          • Table scan
          • Transactions
          • Cache
          • How to use hints
          • Others
        • SQL statement examples
          • Implicit data type conversion
          • Join tables
          • Read with eventual consistency
          • Pagination
      • Reserved keywords (MySQL-compatible mode)
      • Reserved keywords (Oracle-compatible mode)
      • Data type conversion behavior in MySQL-compatible tenants in strict mode
    • PL reference
      • What is PL
        • Overview
        • Main features of PL
        • PL architecture
      • PL reference (MySQL-compatible mode)
        • Syntax of PL stored programs
        • PL stored procedures
          • Overview
          • Variables in stored programs
          • Stored procedures
          • Stored objects and privilege management
          • Stored functions
          • External storage functions
          • Triggers
          • EVENT
          • Limitations on stored programs
          • SQL Transpiler
          • PL asynchronous commit optimization
        • PL cursors
          • Overview
          • Cursor execution process
          • Limitations on server cursors
        • PL conditional control statements
          • CASE
          • IF
          • ITERATE
          • LEAVE
          • LOOP
          • REPEAT
          • RETURN
          • WHILE
        • PL data manipulation statements
          • CALL
          • DO
        • PL data definition statements
          • ALTER FUNCTION
          • ALTER PROCEDURE
          • CREATE FUNCTION
          • CREATE PROCEDURE
          • CREATE TRIGGER
          • DROP FUNCTION
          • DROP PROCEDURE
          • DROP TRIGGER
        • PL database management statements
          • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
          • SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
          • SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
          • SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
          • SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
          • SHOW TRIGGERS
        • PL related dictionary views
          • INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
          • INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
          • INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
        • PL exception handling
          • Overview
          • DECLARE ... CONDITION
          • DECLARE ... HANDLER
          • GET DIAGNOSTICS
          • RESIGNAL
          • SIGNAL
          • Scope of procedures
          • Diagnostic areas
          • Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
          • Limitations on exception handling
        • PL system packages
          • Overview
          • DBMS_AI_SERVICE
            • Overview of DBMS_AI_SERVICE
            • CREATE_AI_MODEL
            • DROP_AI_MODEL
            • CREATE_AI_MODEL_ENDPOINT
            • ALTER_AI_MODEL_ENDPOINT
            • DROP_AI_MODEL_ENDPOINT
          • DBMS_HYBRID_SEARCH
            • Overview of DBMS_HYBRID_SEARCH
            • SEARCH
            • GET_SQL
          • DBMS_MVIEW
            • Overview
            • PURGE_LOG
            • REFRESH
            • KILL_REFRESH
            • REFRESH_REPORT
          • DBMS_MVIEW_STATS
            • Overview
            • PURGE_REFRESH_STATS
            • SET_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
            • SET_SYSTEM_DEFAULT
          • DBMS_PARTITION
            • DBMS_PARTITION overview
            • MANAGE_DYNAMIC_PARTITION
          • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
            • Overview
            • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
            • CREATE_PLAN
            • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
            • DELETE_PLAN
            • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • System Packages
            • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
          • DBMS_STATS
            • Overview
            • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
            • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
            • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
            • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
            • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
            • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
            • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
            • DELETE_SYSTEM_STATS
            • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
            • DROP_STAT_TABLE
            • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
            • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
            • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
            • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
            • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
            • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
            • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
            • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
            • GATHER_SYSTEM_STATS
            • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
            • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
            • GET_PARAM
            • GET_PREFS
            • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
            • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
            • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
            • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
            • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
            • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
            • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
            • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
            • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
            • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
            • PURGE_STATS
            • SET_COLUMN_STATS
            • SET_INDEX_STATS
            • SET_TABLE_STATS
            • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
            • SET_PARAM
            • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
            • SET_SYSTEM_STATS
            • SET_TABLE_PREFS
            • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
            • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
            • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • CANCEL_GATHER_STATS
          • DBMS_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE_MANAGER
            • Overview
            • ADD_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
            • DELETE_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
            • UPDATE_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
          • DBMS_UDR
            • Overview
            • CREATE_RULE
            • DISABLE_RULE
            • ENABLE_RULE
            • REMOVE_RULE
          • DBMS_VECTOR
            • Overview of DBMS_VECTOR
            • Overview of DBMS_VECTOR
            • REFRESH_INDEX
            • REBUILD_INDEX
            • INDEX_VECTOR_MEMORY_ESTIMATE
            • INDEX_VECTOR_MEMORY_ADVISOR
          • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
            • Overview
            • ASH_REPORT
            • CREATE_SNAPSHOT
            • DROP_SNAPSHOT_RANGE
            • MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS
          • DBMS_XPLAN
            • Overview
            • DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
            • DISPLAY_CURSOR
            • DISPLAY
            • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
            • DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
            • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
            • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
          • DBMS_XPROFILE
            • Overview of DBMS_XPROFILE
            • DISPLAY_PROFILE
          • DBMS_BALANCE
            • Overview
            • SET_BALANCE_WEIGHT
            • CLEAR_BALANCE_WEIGHT
            • TRIGGER_PARTITION_BALANCE
            • SET_TABLEGROUP_BALANCE_WEIGHT
            • CLEAR_TABLEGROUP_BALANCE_WEIGHT
          • DBMS_LIMIT_CALCULATOR
            • Overview
            • CALCULATE_MIN_PHY_RES_NEEDED_BY_UNIT
            • CALCULATE_MIN_PHY_RES_NEEDED_BY_LOGIC_RES
            • CALCULATE_MIN_PHY_RES_NEEDED_BY_STANDBY_TENANT
          • DBMS_EXTERNAL_TABLE
            • Overview
            • AUTO_REFRESH_EXTERNAL_TABLE
          • DBMS_JAVA
            • Overview of DBMS_JAVA
            • LOADJAVA
            • DROPJAVA
          • DBMS_PYTHON
            • Overview of DBMS_PYTHON
            • DROPPYTHON
            • LOADPYTHON
          • DBMS_DATA_DICT
            • DBMS_DATA_DICT
          • DBMS_SCHEMA
            • Overview of DBMS_SCHEMA
            • RECYCLE_SCHEMA_HISTORY
            • RUN_INSPECTION
        • Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
      • PL reference (Oracle-compatible mode)
        • PL language basics
          • Character sets
          • Lexical elements
          • Declaration
          • Reference identifiers
          • Scope and visibility of identifiers
          • Assignment
          • Expressions
          • PL blocks
          • Subprograms
          • Error reporting functions
        • PL data types
          • Overview
          • SQL data types
          • LOB data types
          • BOOLEAN type
          • User-defined subtypes
          • PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
          • Arrays
          • PL JSON data types
        • PL process control
          • Overview
          • Conditional control
          • Loop control
          • Sequential control
        • PL collections and records
          • Overview
          • Collections
          • Associative arrays
          • Varrays
          • Nested tables
          • Collection constructors
          • Collection methods
            • Overview
            • DELETE method
            • TRIM method
            • EXTEND method
            • EXISTS method
            • FIRST and LAST methods
            • COUNT method
            • LIMIT method
            • PRIOR and NEXT methods
          • RECORD
          • Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
          • Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
        • PL static SQL
          • Overview
          • Cursors
            • Overview
            • Cursor attributes
            • Implicit cursors
            • Explicit cursor
            • Cursor variables
            • Use the FOR loop to traverse a cursor
            • Modify and drop a cursor
          • Transaction processing and control
          • Autonomous transactions
            • Overview of autonomous transactions
            • Control autonomous transactions
            • Autonomous triggers
            • Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
          • FORALL bulk execution
        • PL dynamic SQL
          • Overview
          • Execute dynamic SQL
          • DBMS_SQL system package
        • PL stored procedures and functions
          • Overview
          • Create a stored procedure
          • Create a function
          • Manage stored procedures and functions
          • Privilege control
          • Pipeline functions
            • Overview
            • Create a pipelined function
            • Applications
          • SQL Transpiler
          • User-defined functions
            • Overview
            • Interfaces of user-defined aggregate functions
            • Create a user-defined aggregate function
            • Use user-defined aggregate functions
          • Collection of stored procedure information and its impact on parallel execution of SQL statements
          • PL Database Link
          • PL asynchronous commit optimization
          • External storage functions
        • PL triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Modify and drop triggers
          • Disable or enable a trigger
          • Query trigger information
          • INSTEAD OF DML triggers
          • Composite DML triggers
          • System triggers
        • PL packages
          • Overview
          • Create a package
          • Overloaded programs in a package
          • Manage packages
          • PL environment definitions in the STANDARD package
        • PL exception handling
          • Overview
          • Compile-time warnings
          • Exception types
          • Exception handling
        • DDL operations on stored PL units
          • Overview
          • ALTER FUNCTION
          • ALTER PACKAGE
          • ALTER PROCEDURE
          • ALTER TRIGGER
          • ALTER TYPE
          • CREATE FUNCTION
          • CREATE PACKAGE
          • CREATE PACKAGE BODY
          • CREATE PROCEDURE
          • CREATE TRIGGER
          • CREATE TYPE
          • CREATE TYPE BODY
          • DROP FUNCTION
          • DROP PACKAGE
          • DROP PROCEDURE
          • DROP TRIGGER
          • DROP TYPE
          • DROP TYPE BODY
        • PL label security package
          • Overview
          • SA_SYSDBA policy management package
            • Overview
            • SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
            • SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
            • SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
          • SA_COMPONENTS label component package
            • Overview
            • SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
            • SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
            • SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
          • SA_LABEL_ADMIN label management package
            • Overview
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
          • SA_POLICY_ADMIN policy management package
            • Overview
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
          • SA_USER_ADMIN user label management package
            • Overview
            • SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
          • SA_SESSION session management package
            • Overview
            • SA_SESSION.LABEL
            • SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
            • SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
            • SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
            • SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
        • PL system package (Oracle-compatible mode)
          • Overview
          • DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
            • Overview
            • READ_CLIENT_INFO
            • READ_MODULE
            • SET_ACTION
            • SET_CLIENT_INFO
            • SET_MODULE
          • DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
            • Overview
            • CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
            • CREATE_PURGE_JOB
            • DROP_PURGE_JOB
            • SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
            • SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
          • DBMS_BALANCE
            • Overview
            • SET_BALANCE_WEIGHT
            • CLEAR_BALANCE_WEIGHT
            • TRIGGER_PARTITION_BALANCE
          • DBMS_CRYPTO
            • Overview
            • ENCRYPT
            • DECRYPT
            • HASH
          • DBMS_DEBUG
            • Overview
            • ATTACH_SESSION
            • CONTINUE
            • DEBUG_ON
            • DEBUG_OFF
            • DETACH_SESSION
            • DELETE_BREAKPOINT
            • DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
            • ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
            • GET_VALUE
            • GET_VALUES
            • GET_RUNTIME_INFO
            • GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
            • INITIALIZE
            • PROBE_VERSION
            • PRINT_BACKTRACE
            • SET_TIMEOUT
            • SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
            • SET_BREAKPOINT
            • SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
          • DBMS_DESCRIBE
            • Overview
            • DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
          • DBMS_LOB
            • Overview of DBMS_LOB
            • APPEND
            • CLOSE
            • COPY
            • CREATETEMPORARY
            • ERASE
            • FREETEMPORARY
            • GETLENGTH
            • ISOPEN
            • INSTR
            • ISTEMPORARY
            • OPEN
            • READ
            • SUBSTR
            • TRIM
            • WRITE
            • WRITEAPPEND
          • DBMS_LOCK
            • DBMS_LOCK overview
            • ALLOCATE_UNIQUE
            • ALLOCATE_UNIQUE_AUTONOMOUS
            • REQUEST
            • SLEEP
            • RELEASE
          • DBMS_METADATA
            • Overview of DBMS_METADATA
            • GET_DDL
            • GET_TABLE_INDEX_DDL
          • DBMS_MVIEW
            • Overview
            • PURGE_LOG
            • REFRESH
            • KILL_REFRESH
            • REFRESH_REPORT
          • DBMS_MONITOR
            • Overview
            • OB_SESSION_TRACE_ENABLE
            • OB_SESSION_TRACE_DISABLE
            • OB_CLIENT_ID_TRACE_ENABLE
            • OB_CLIENT_ID_TRACE_DISABLE
            • OB_MOD_ACT_TRACE_ENABLE
            • OB_MOD_ACT_TRACE_DISABLE
            • OB_TENANT_TRACE_ENABLE
            • OB_TENANT_TRACE_DISABLE
          • DBMS_MVIEW_STAT
            • Overview
            • PURGE_REFRESH_STATS
            • SET_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
            • SET_SYSTEM_DEFAULT
          • DBMS_OUTPUT
            • Overview
            • DISABLE
            • ENABLE
            • GET_LINE
            • GET_LINES
            • NEW_LINE
            • PUT
            • PUT_LINE
          • DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
            • Overview
            • PURGE
          • DBMS_PLSQL_CODE_COVERAGE
            • Overview of DBMS_PLSQL_CODE_COVERAGE
            • START_COVERAGE
            • STOP_COVERAGE
            • CREATE_COVERAGE_TABLES
          • DBMS_PARTITION
            • Overview of DBMS_PARTITION
            • MANAGE_DYNAMIC_PARTITION
          • DBMS_RANDOM
            • Overview
            • INITIALIZE
            • NORMAL
            • RANDOM
            • SEED
            • STRING
            • TERMINATE
            • VALUE
          • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
            • Overview
            • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
            • CREATE_PLAN
            • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
            • DELETE_PLAN
            • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
            • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
          • DBMS_SCHEDULER
            • Overview
            • CREATE_JOB
            • CREATE_JOB_CLASS
            • CREATE_PROGRAM
            • DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
            • DISABLE
            • DROP_JOB
            • DROP_JOB_CLASS
            • DROP_PROGRAM
            • ENABLE
            • GENERATE_JOB_NAME
            • PURGE_LOG
            • RUN_JOB
            • SET_ATTRIBUTE
            • SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
            • STOP_JOB
          • DBMS_SCHEMA
            • Overview of DBMS_SCHEMA
            • RECYCLE_SCHEMA_HISTORY
            • RUN_INSPECTION
          • DBMS_SESSION
            • Overview of DBMS_SESSION
            • CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
            • CLEAR_CONTEXT
            • CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
            • RESET_PACKAGE
            • SET_CONTEXT
            • SET_IDENTIFIER
            • SESSION_IS_ROLE_ENABLED
            • IS_ROLE_ENABLED
          • DBMS_SQL
            • Overview
            • BIND_VARIABLE
            • CLOSE_CURSOR
            • COLUMN_VALUE
            • DEFINE_COLUMN
            • DEFINE_ARRAY
            • DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
            • EXECUTE
            • EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
            • FETCH_ROWS
            • IS_OPEN
            • LAST_ERROR_POSITION
            • OPEN_CURSOR
            • PARSE
            • VARIABLE_VALUE
          • DBMS_STATS
            • Overview
            • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
            • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
            • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
            • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
            • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
            • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
            • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
            • DELETE_SYSTEM_STATS
            • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
            • DROP_STAT_TABLE
            • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
            • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
            • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
            • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
            • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
            • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
            • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
            • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
            • GATHER_SYSTEM_STATS
            • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
            • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
            • GET_PARAM
            • GET_PREFS
            • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
            • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
            • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
            • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
            • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
            • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
            • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
            • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
            • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
            • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
            • PURGE_STATS
            • SET_COLUMN_STATS
            • SET_INDEX_STATS
            • SET_TABLE_STATS
            • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
            • SET_PARAM
            • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
            • SET_SYSTEM_STATS
            • SET_TABLE_PREFS
            • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
            • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
            • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • COPY_TABLE_STATS
            • CANCEL_GATHER_STATS
          • DBMS_UDR
            • Overview
            • CREATE_RULE
            • DISABLE_RULE
            • ENABLE_RULE
            • REMOVE_RULE
          • DBMS_UTILITY
            • Overview of DBMS_UTILITY
            • ACTIVE_INSTANCES
            • CURRENT_INSTANCE
            • DB_VERSION
            • FORMAT_CALL_STACK
            • FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
            • FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
            • GET_ENDIANNESS
            • GET_HASH_VALUE
            • GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
            • GET_SQL_HASH
            • GET_TIME
            • IS_BIT_SET
            • IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
            • NAME_RESOLVE
            • NAME_TOKENIZE
            • OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
            • OLD_CURRENT_USER
            • PORT_STRING
            • TABLE_TO_COMMA
            • COMMA_TO_TABLE
            • VALIDATE
          • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
            • Overview
            • ASH_REPORT
          • DBMS_XA
            • Overview
            • DBMS_XA constants
            • DBMS_XA_XID object type
            • DIST_TXN_SYNC
            • XA_COMMIT
            • XA_END
            • XA_FORGET
            • XA_GETLASTOER
            • XA_PREPARE
            • XA_RECOVER
            • XA_ROLLBACK
            • XA_SETTIMEOUT
            • XA_START
          • DBMS_XMLDOM
            • Overview of DBMS_XMLDOM
            • DOMDOCUMENT
            • DOMNODE
            • DOMNODELIST
            • FREEDOCUMENT
            • GETCHILDNODES
            • GETELEMENTSBYTAGNAME
            • GETLENGTH
            • GETNODEVALUE
            • ITEM
            • DOMATTR
            • DOMELEMENT
            • DOMTEXT
            • DOMCHARACTERDATA
            • NEWDOMDOCUMENT
            • CREATEELEMENT
            • CREATETEXTNODE
            • MAKENODE
            • MAKECHARACTERDATA
            • APPENDCHILD
            • REMOVECHILD
            • GETFIRSTCHILD
            • GETDOCUMENTELEMENT
            • GETNODENAME
            • GETLOCALNAME
            • GETNODETYPE
            • GETDATA
            • ISNULL
            • SETATTRIBUTE
            • SETCHARSET
            • SETVERSION
            • WRITETOBUFFER
            • WRITETOCLOB
          • DBMS_XMLGEN
            • Overview
            • CONVERT
          • DBMS_XMLPARSER
            • Overview of DBMS_XMLPARSER
            • PARSER
            • NEWPARSER
            • PARSECLOB
            • GETDOCUMENT
            • FREEPARSER
            • PARSEBUFFER
          • DBMS_PROFILER
            • Overview
            • START_PROFILER
            • STOP_PROFILER
            • PAUSE_PROFILER
            • RESUME_PROFILER
            • FLUSH_DATA
            • GET_VERSION
            • INTERNAL_VERSION_CHECK
            • ROLLUP_UNIT
            • ROLLUP_RUN
            • OB_INIT_OBJECTS
            • OB_DROP_OBJECTS
          • DBMS_XPLAN
            • Overview
            • DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
            • DISPLAY_CURSOR
            • DISPLAY
            • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
            • DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
            • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
            • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
          • DBMS_XPROFILE
            • Overview of DBMS_XPROFILE
            • DISPLAY_PROFILE
          • DBMS_EXTERNAL_TABLE
            • Overview
            • AUTO_REFRESH_EXTERNAL_TABLE
          • DBMS_DDL
            • Overview of DBMS_DDL
            • WRAP
            • CREATE_WRAPPED
          • ODCIConst
            • Overview
            • ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
            • ODCIEnv.CallProperty
            • ODCIEnv.Envflags
            • ODCIIndexAlter
            • ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
            • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
            • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
            • ODCIPredInfo.Flags
            • ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
            • ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
            • ODCIStatsOptions.Options
            • Return Status
            • ScnFlg
          • UTL_ENCODE
            • Overview
            • BASE64_DECODE
            • BASE64_ENCODE
          • UTL_FILE
            • Overview of UTL_FILE
            • FCLOSE
            • FCOPY
            • FCLOSE_ALL
            • FFLUSH
            • FOPEN
            • FOPEN_NCHAR
            • FGETPOS
            • FGETATTR
            • FREMOVE
            • FRENAME
            • FSEEK
            • NEW_LINE
            • NEW_LINE_NCHAR
            • GET_RAW
            • GET_LINE
            • GET_LINE_NCHAR
            • PUT
            • PUT_RAW
            • PUT_LINE
            • PUT_NCHAR
            • PUT_LINE_NCHAR
            • PUTF
            • PUTF_NCHAR
            • IS_OPEN
          • UTL_I18N
            • Overview
            • RAW_TO_CHAR
            • STRING_TO_RAW
          • UTL_RECOMP
            • Overview
            • RECOMP_PARALLEL
            • RECOMP_SERIAL
            • TRUNCATE_UTL_RECOMP_SKIP_LIST
            • POPULATE_UTL_RECOMP_SKIP_LIST
            • PARALLEL_SLAVE
          • UTL_RAW
            • Overview
            • BIT_AND
            • BIT_COMPLEMENT
            • BIT_OR
            • BIT_XOR
            • CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
            • CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
            • CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
            • CAST_FROM_NUMBER
            • CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
            • CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
            • CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
            • CAST_TO_NUMBER
            • CAST_TO_RAW
            • CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
            • COMPARE
            • CONCAT
            • COPIES
            • LENGTH
            • REVERSE
            • SUBSTR
            • TRANSLATE
          • UTL_TCP
            • Overview of UTL_TCP
            • OPEN_CONNECTION
            • CLOSE_CONNECTION
            • CLOSE_ALL_CONNECTIONS
            • WRITE_LINE
            • WRITE_TEXT
            • WRITE_RAW
            • GET_LINE
            • GET_TEXT
          • UTL_SMTP
            • Overview of UTL_SMTP
            • OPEN_CONNECTION
            • CLOSE_CONNECTION
            • QUIT
            • AUTH
            • COMMAND
            • COMMAND_REPLIES
            • HELO
            • EHLO
            • MAIL
            • RCPT
            • OPEN_DATA
            • WRITE_DATA
            • WRITE_RAW_DATA
            • CLOSE_DATA
            • DATA
            • VRFY
            • HELP
            • NOOP
            • RSET
          • UTL_HTTP
            • Overview of UTL_HTTP
            • BEGIN_REQUEST
            • END_REQUEST
            • GET_RESPONSE
            • END_RESPONSE
            • READ_LINE
            • READ_RAW
            • READ_TEXT
            • WRITE_LINE
            • WRITE_RAW
            • WRITE_TEXT
            • SET_TRANSFER_TIMEOUT
            • GET_TRANSFER_TIMEOUT
          • ANYDATA TYPE
            • Overview of the ANYDATA type
            • BEGINCREATE static procedure
            • ENDCREATE member procedure
            • GET* member functions
            • GETTYPE member function
            • GETTYPENAME member function
            • PIECEWISE member procedure
            • SET* member procedures
          • XMLType
            • Overview
            • CREATEXML
            • GETCLOBVAL
            • GETSTRINGVAL
            • TRANSFORM
            • XMLTYPE
            • EXISTSNODE
            • EXTRACT
            • TOOBJECT
        • Reserved PL keywords
    • System views
      • Overview
      • Overview of system views
      • View changes between V3.x and V4.x
      • SYS tenant views
        • Dictionary views
          • information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
          • information_schema.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
          • information_schema.COLLATIONS
          • information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ENGINES
          • information_schema.events
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
          • information_schema.PARAMETERS
          • information_schema.PARTITIONS
          • information_schema.PROCESSLIST
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.role_table_grants
          • information_schema.role_column_grants
          • information_schema.role_routine_grants
          • information_schema.ROUTINES
          • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TRIGGERS
          • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • mysql.columns_priv
          • mysql.db
          • mysql.default_roles
          • mysql.help_category
          • mysql.help_keyword
          • mysql.help_relation
          • mysql.help_topic
          • mysql.proc
          • mysql.procs_priv
          • mysql.role_edges
          • mysql.time_zone
          • mysql.time_zone_name
          • mysql.time_zone_transition
          • mysql.time_zone_transition_type
          • mysql.user
          • oceanbase.ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_CKPT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CBA_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • CDB_INDEX_USAGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_MVIEW_DEPS
          • CDB_MVIEW_LOGS
          • oceanbase.CDB_MVIEW_RUNNING_JOBS
          • CDB_MVIEWS
          • CDB_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • CDB_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • CDB_MVREF_STATS
          • CDB_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • CDB_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • CDB_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AI_MODEL_ENDPOINTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AI_MODELS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • CDB_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_CCL_RULES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_CS_REPLICA_STATS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DYNAMIC_PARTITION_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_KV_TTL_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_KV_TTL_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_OBJECT_BALANCE_WEIGHT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SERVICES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RSRC_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SENSITIVE_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SENSITIVE_RULE_PLAINACCESS_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SENSITIVE_RULES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SERVER_SPACE_USAGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SPACE_USAGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_STORAGE_IO_USAGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SPM_EVO_RESULT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYNC_STANDBY_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_SPACE_USAGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TEMP_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TENANT_FLASHBACK_LOG_SCN
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_VECTOR_INDEX_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_VECTOR_INDEX_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_CONTROL
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_EVENT_NAME
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_RES_MGR_SYSSTAT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SNAPSHOT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SQL_PLAN
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SQLSTAT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SQLTEXT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_STATNAME
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYSSTAT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_EXTERNAL_RESOURCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_DB_LINKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_INDEX_USAGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_JAVA_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVIEW_DEPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVIEW_LOGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVIEW_RUNNING_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVIEWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_STATS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AI_MODEL_ENDPOINTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AI_MODELS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • DBA_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CCL_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CS_REPLICA_STATS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DYNAMIC_PARTITION_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_RESOURCES
          • DBA_OB_FORMAT_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVICES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_STORAGE_IO_USAGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SYNC_STANDBY_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SPM_EVO_RESULT
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TEMP_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_FLASHBACK_LOG_SCN
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_TRUSTED_ROOT_CERTIFICATE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_VECTOR_INDEX_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_VECTOR_INDEX_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RECYCLEBIN
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_CONTROL
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_EVENT_NAME
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_RES_MGR_SYSSTAT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SNAPSHOT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQL_PLAN
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLSTAT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLTEXT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_STATNAME
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSSTAT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
          • oceanbase.USER_JAVA_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LICENSE
        • Performance views
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • GV$LATCH
          • GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_CGROUP_CONFIG
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_FLT_TRACE_CONFIG
          • GV$OB_FUNCTION_IO_STAT
          • GV$OB_GROUP_IO_STAT
          • GV$OB_HMS_CLIENT_POOL_STAT
          • GV$OB_HNSW_INDEX_INFO
          • GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • GV$OB_IVF_INDEX_INFO
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
          • GV$OB_KV_GROUP_COMMIT_STATUS
          • GV$OB_KV_CONNECTIONS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • GV$OB_LOG_TRANSPORT_DEST_STAT
          • GV$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • GV$OB_LS_LOG_REPLAY_STAT
          • GV$OB_LS_LOG_TRANSPORT_STAT
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • GV$OB_NIC_INFO
          • GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • GV$OB_PARAMETERS
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLUGINS
          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$OB_RES_MGR_SYSSTAT
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_SERVERS
          • GV$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_SESSION
          • GV$OB_SESSION_PS_INFO
          • GV$OB_SHARED_STORAGE_QUOTA
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_SQL_CCL_STATUS
          • GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_SQLSTAT
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT
          • GV$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT_DETAIL
          • GV$OB_TENANT_RUNTIME_INFO
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_SCHEDULERS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$OB_VECTOR_MEMORY
          • GV$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • gv$tenant
          • gv$tenant_memstore_allocator_info
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • GV$OB_KV_CLIENT_INFO
          • GV$OB_LOCKS
          • GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_THREAD
          • GV$OB_PL_CACHE_OBJECT
          • GV$UNIT
          • V$OB_PL_CACHE_OBJECT
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$DML_STATS
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • V$LATCH
          • V$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_COMPATIBILITY_CONTROL
          • V$OB_CGROUP_CONFIG
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DYNAMIC_PARTITION_TABLES
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$OB_FUNCTION_IO_STAT
          • V$OB_GROUP_IO_STAT
          • V$OB_HMS_CLIENT_POOL_STAT
          • V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • V$OB_HNSW_INDEX_INFO
          • V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • V$OB_IVF_INDEX_INFO
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_KV_CLIENT_INFO
          • V$OB_KV_GROUP_COMMIT_STATUS
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_TRANSPORT_DEST_STAT
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_REPLAY_STAT
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_TRANSPORT_STAT
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • V$OB_NIC_INFO
          • V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PLUGINS
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_RES_MGR_SYSSTAT
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_SERVERS
          • V$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SESSION
          • V$SESSION_EVENT
          • V$OB_SESSION_PS_INFO
          • V$OB_SHARED_STORAGE_QUOTA
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$OB_SQL_CCL_STATUS
          • V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • V$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SQLSTAT
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT
          • V$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT_DETAIL
          • V$OB_TENANT_RUNTIME_INFO
          • V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_SCHEDULERS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$RESTORE_POINT
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • V$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • V$OB_THREAD
          • V$OB_VECTOR_MEMORY
          • v$tenant_memstore_allocator_info
          • V$UNIT
      • MySQL tenant views
        • Dictionary views
          • information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
          • information_schema.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
          • information_schema.COLLATIONS
          • information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ENGINES
          • information_schema.events
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
          • information_schema.PARAMETERS
          • information_schema.PARTITIONS
          • information_schema.PROCESSLIST
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.role_table_grants
          • information_schema.role_column_grants
          • information_schema.role_routine_grants
          • information_schema.ROUTINES
          • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TRIGGERS
          • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • mysql.audit_log_filter
          • mysql.audit_log_user
          • mysql.columns_priv
          • mysql.db
          • mysql.default_roles
          • mysql.help_category
          • mysql.help_keyword
          • mysql.help_relation
          • mysql.help_topic
          • mysql.proc
          • mysql.procs_priv
          • mysql.role_edges
          • mysql.time_zone
          • mysql.time_zone_name
          • mysql.time_zone_transition
          • mysql.time_zone_transition_type
          • mysql.user
          • oceanbase.ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_DB_LINKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_INDEX_USAGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_JAVA_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVIEW_DEPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVIEW_LOGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVIEW_RUNNING_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVIEWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_STATS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AI_MODEL_ENDPOINTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AI_MODELS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • DBA_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CCL_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CS_REPLICA_STATS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DYNAMIC_PARTITION_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_RESOURCES
          • DBA_OB_FORMAT_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OBJECT_BALANCE_WEIGHT
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVICES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SENSITIVE_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SENSITIVE_RULE_PLAINACCESS_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SENSITIVE_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_STORAGE_IO_USAGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SYNC_STANDBY_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SPM_EVO_RESULT
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_SPACE_USAGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TEMP_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_VECTOR_INDEX_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_VECTOR_INDEX_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RECYCLEBIN
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_FLASHBACK_LOG_SCN
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_CONTROL
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_EVENT_NAME
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_RES_MGR_SYSSTAT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SNAPSHOT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQL_PLAN
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLSTAT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLTEXT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_STATNAME
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSSTAT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
          • oceanbase.USER_JAVA_POLICY
        • Performance views
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • GV$LATCH
          • GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_CGROUP_CONFIG
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_FLT_TRACE_CONFIG
          • GV$OB_FUNCTION_IO_STAT
          • GV$OB_GROUP_IO_STAT
          • GV$OB_HMS_CLIENT_POOL_STAT
          • GV$OB_HNWS_INDEX_INFO
          • GV$OB_IVF_INDEX_INFO
          • GV$OB_KV_CONNECTIONS
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
          • GV$OB_KV_CLIENT_INFO
          • GV$OB_KV_GROUP_COMMIT_STATUS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • GV$OB_LOG_TRANSPORT_DEST_STAT
          • GV$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • GV$OB_LS_LOG_REPLAY_STAT
          • GV$OB_LS_LOG_TRANSPORT_STAT
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • GV$OB_NIC_INFO
          • GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • GV$OB_PARAMETERS
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$OB_RES_MGR_SYSSTAT
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_SESSION
          • GV$OB_SESSION_PS_INFO
          • GV$OB_SHARED_STORAGE_QUOTA
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_SQL_CCL_STATUS
          • GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_SQLSTAT
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT
          • GV$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT_DETAIL
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_SCHEDULERS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$OB_VECTOR_MEMORY
          • GV$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • GV$OB_LOCKS
          • GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_THREAD
          • GV$OB_PL_CACHE_OBJECT
          • V$OB_PL_CACHE_OBJECT
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$DML_STATS
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • V$LATCH
          • V$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_COMPATIBILITY_CONTROL
          • V$OB_CGROUP_CONFIG
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DYNAMIC_PARTITION_TABLES
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$OB_FUNCTION_IO_STAT
          • V$OB_GROUP_IO_STAT
          • V$OB_HMS_CLIENT_POOL_STAT
          • V$OB_HNWS_INDEX_INFO
          • V$OB_IVF_INDEX_INFO
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_KV_CLIENT_INFO
          • V$OB_KV_GROUP_COMMIT_STATUS
          • V$OB_KV_CONNECTIONS
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_TRANSPORT_DEST_STAT
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_REPLAY_STAT
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_TRANSPORT_STAT
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • V$OB_NIC_INFO
          • V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_RES_MGR_SYSSTAT
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SESSION
          • V$SESSION_EVENT
          • V$OB_SESSION_PS_INFO
          • V$OB_SHARED_STORAGE_QUOTA
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$OB_SQL_CCL_STATUS
          • V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • V$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SQLSTAT
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT
          • V$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT_DETAIL
          • V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_SCHEDULERS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$OB_VECTOR_MEMORY
          • V$RESTORE_POINT
          • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • V$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • V$OB_THREAD
      • Oracle tenant views
        • Dictionary views
          • ALL_ALL_TABLES
          • ALL_ARGUMENTS
          • ALL_COL_COMMENTS
          • ALL_COL_PRIVS
          • ALL_COLL_TYPES
          • ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
          • ALL_CONSTRAINTS
          • ALL_DB_LINKS
          • ALL_DEF_AUDIT_OPTS
          • ALL_DEPENDENCIES
          • ALL_DIRECTORIES
          • ALL_ERRORS
          • ALL_IND_COLUMNS
          • ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS
          • ALL_IND_PARTITIONS
          • ALL_IND_STATISTICS
          • ALL_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • ALL_INDEXES
          • ALL_LOCATIONS
          • ALL_METHOD_PARAMS
          • ALL_MVIEW_LOGS
          • ALL_MVIEWS
          • ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • ALL_OBJECTS
          • ALL_OB_SOURCE
          • ALL_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • ALL_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • ALL_PART_INDEXES
          • ALL_PLSQL_TYPES
          • ALL_PLSQL_COLL_TYPES
          • ALL_PLSQL_TYPE_ATTRS
          • ALL_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • ALL_PART_TABLES
          • ALL_POLICIES
          • ALL_POLICY_CONTEXTS
          • ALL_POLICY_GROUPS
          • ALL_PROCEDURES
          • ALL_PROFILES
          • ALL_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
          • ALL_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
          • ALL_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • ALL_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
          • ALL_SEQUENCES
          • ALL_SOURCE
          • ALL_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • ALL_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • ALL_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • ALL_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • ALL_SYNONYMS
          • ALL_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • ALL_TAB_COLS
          • ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
          • ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
          • ALL_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • ALL_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • ALL_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • ALL_TAB_PRIVS
          • ALL_TAB_STATISTICS
          • ALL_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • ALL_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • ALL_TABLES
          • ALL_TRIGGER_ORDERING
          • ALL_TRIGGERS
          • ALL_TYPE_ATTRS
          • ALL_TYPE_METHODS
          • ALL_TYPES
          • ALL_USERS
          • ALL_VIEWS
          • AUDIT_ACTIONS
          • DBA_ALL_TABLES
          • DBA_ARGUMENTS
          • DBA_AUDIT_EXISTS
          • DBA_AUDIT_OBJECT
          • DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
          • DBA_AUDIT_STATEMENT
          • DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
          • DBA_COL_COMMENTS
          • DBA_COL_PRIVS
          • DBA_COLL_TYPES
          • DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
          • DBA_CONSTRAINTS
          • DBA_CONTEXT
          • DBA_DB_LINKS
          • DBA_DEPENDENCIES
          • DBA_DIRECTORIES
          • DBA_ERRORS
          • DBA_IND_COLUMNS
          • DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS
          • DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • DBA_INDEX_USAGE
          • DBA_INDEXES
          • DBA_JAVA_POLICY
          • DBA_JOBS
          • DBA_JOBS_RUNNING
          • DBA_METHOD_PARAMS
          • DBA_MVIEW_DEPS
          • DBA_MVIEW_LOGS
          • DBA_MVIEW_RUNNING_JOBS
          • DBA_MVIEWS
          • DBA_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • DBA_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • DBA_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • DBA_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATE_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • DBA_OB_CS_REPLICA_STATS
          • DBA_OB_CCL_RULES
          • DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_DYNAMIC_PARTITION_TABLES
          • DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • DBA_OB_FORMAT_OUTLINES
          • DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • DBA_OB_LS
          • DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • DBA_OB_PL_OBJ_CACHE_STATUS
          • DBA_OB_SENSITIVE_COLUMNS
          • DBA_OB_SENSITIVE_RULE_PLAINACCESS_USERS
          • DBA_OB_SENSITIVE_RULES
          • DBA_OB_SERVICES
          • DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • DBA_OB_OBJECT_BALANCE_WEIGHT
          • DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • DBA_OB_RSRC_DIRECTIVES
          • DBA_OB_SPATIAL_COLUMNS
          • DBA_OB_STORAGE_IO_USAGE
          • DBA_OB_SYNC_STANDBY_DEST
          • DBA_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • DBA_OB_SOURCE
          • DBA_OB_SPM_EVO_RESULT
          • DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
          • DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_TENANT_FLASHBACK_LOG_SCN
          • DBA_OB_TEMP_FILES
          • DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
          • DBA_PLSQL_TYPES
          • DBA_PLSQL_COLL_TYPES
          • DBA_PLSQL_TYPE_ATTRS
          • DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS
          • DBA_OBJECTS
          • DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • DBA_PART_TABLES
          • DBA_POLICIES
          • DBA_POLICY_CONTEXTS
          • DBA_POLICY_GROUPS
          • DBA_PROCEDURES
          • DBA_PROFILES
          • DBA_RECYCLEBIN
          • DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
          • DBA_ROLES
          • DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • DBA_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
          • DBA_SEGMENTS
          • DBA_SEQUENCES
          • DBA_SOURCE
          • DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS
          • DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • DBA_SYNONYMS
          • DBA_SYS_PRIVS
          • DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • DBA_TAB_COLS
          • DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
          • DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
          • DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • DBA_TAB_PRIVS
          • DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • DBA_TABLES
          • DBA_TABLESPACES
          • DBA_OB_TABLE_SPACE_USAGE
          • DBA_TRIGGER_ORDERING
          • DBA_TRIGGERS
          • DBA_TYPE_ATTRS
          • DBA_TYPE_METHODS
          • DBA_TYPES
          • DBA_USERS
          • DBA_VIEWS
          • DBA_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • DBA_WR_CONTROL
          • DBA_WR_EVENT_NAME
          • DBA_WR_RES_MGR_SYSSTAT
          • DBA_WR_SNAPSHOT
          • DBA_WR_SQL_PLAN
          • DBA_WR_SQLSTAT
          • DBA_WR_SQLTEXT
          • DBA_WR_STATNAME
          • DBA_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • DBA_WR_SYSSTAT
          • DBA_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
          • DBMS_LOCK_ALLOCATED
          • DICT
          • DICTIONARY
          • NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
          • NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
          • NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS
          • PROXY_USERS
          • ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
          • ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
          • ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
          • STMT_AUDIT_OPTION_MAP
          • TENANT_VIRTUAL_GLOBAL_VARIABLE
          • TENANT_VIRTUAL_SESSION_VARIABLE
          • USER_ALL_TABLES
          • USER_ARGUMENTS
          • USER_AUDIT_OBJECT
          • USER_AUDIT_SESSION
          • USER_AUDIT_STATEMENT
          • USER_AUDIT_TRAIL
          • USER_COL_COMMENTS
          • USER_COL_PRIVS
          • USER_COLL_TYPES
          • USER_CONS_COLUMNS
          • USER_CONSTRAINTS
          • USER_DB_LINKS
          • USER_DEPENDENCIES
          • USER_ERRORS
          • USER_IND_COLUMNS
          • USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS
          • USER_IND_PARTITIONS
          • USER_IND_STATISTICS
          • USER_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • USER_INDEXES
          • USER_PLSQL_TYPES
          • USER_PLSQL_COLL_TYPES
          • USER_PLSQL_TYPE_ATTRS
          • USER_JOBS
          • USER_MVIEW_LOGS
          • USER_MVIEWS
          • USER_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • USER_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • USER_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • USER_OBJECTS
          • USER_OB_SOURCE
          • USER_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • USER_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • USER_PART_INDEXES
          • USER_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • USER_PART_TABLES
          • USER_POLICIES
          • USER_POLICY_CONTEXTS
          • USER_POLICY_GROUPS
          • USER_PROCEDURES
          • USER_PROFILES
          • USER_RECYCLEBIN
          • USER_ROLE_PRIVS
          • USER_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
          • USER_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • USER_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
          • USER_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
          • USER_SEGMENTS
          • USER_SEQUENCES
          • USER_SOURCE
          • USER_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • USER_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • USER_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • USER_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • USER_SYNONYMS
          • USER_SYS_PRIVS
          • USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • USER_TAB_COLS
          • USER_TAB_COLUMNS
          • USER_TAB_COMMENTS
          • USER_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • USER_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • USER_TAB_PRIVS
          • USER_TAB_STATISTICS
          • USER_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • USER_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • USER_TABLES
          • USER_TABLESPACES
          • USER_TRIGGER_ORDERING
          • USER_TRIGGERS
          • USER_TYPE_ATTRS
          • USER_TYPE_METHODS
          • USER_TYPES
          • USER_USERS
          • USER_VIEWS
          • USER_JAVA_POLICY
        • Performance views
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DBLINK
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • GV$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • GV$INSTANCE
          • GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_CGROUP_CONFIG
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_FLT_TRACE_CONFIG
          • GV$OB_FUNCTION_IO_STAT
          • GV$OB_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • GV$OB_GROUP_IO_STAT
          • GV$OB_HMS_CLIENT_POOL_STAT
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • GV$OB_LOG_TRANSPORT_DEST_STAT
          • GV$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • GV$OB_LS_LOG_REPLAY_STAT
          • GV$OB_LS_LOG_TRANSPORT_STAT
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_NIC_INFO
          • GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_PARAMETERS
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_PL_CACHE_OBJECT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$OB_RES_MGR_SYSSTAT
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_SESSION
          • GV$OB_SESSION_PS_INFO
          • GV$OB_SHARED_STORAGE_QUOTA
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_SQL_CCL_STATUS
          • GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_SQLSTAT
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT
          • GV$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT_DETAIL
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_SCHEDULERS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$OB_RESULT_CACHE_OBJECTS
          • GV$OPEN_CURSOR
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • GV$OB_LOCKS
          • GV$OB_THREAD
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$DBLINK
          • V$DML_STATS
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$GLOBALCONTEXT
          • V$INSTANCE
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$NLS_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_CGROUP_CONFIG
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DYNAMIC_PARTITION_TABLES
          • V$OB_FUNCTION_IO_STAT
          • V$OB_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$OB_GROUP_IO_STAT
          • V$OB_HMS_CLIENT_POOL_STAT
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_TRANSPORT_DEST_STAT
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_REPLAY_STAT
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_TRANSPORT_STAT
          • V$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_NIC_INFO
          • V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PL_CACHE_OBJECT
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_RES_MGR_SYSSTAT
          • V$OB_RESULT_CACHE_OBJECTS
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SESSION
          • V$OB_SESSION_PS_INFO
          • V$OB_SHARED_STORAGE_QUOTA
          • V$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SQLSTAT
          • V$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT
          • V$OB_TENANT_RESOURCE_LIMIT_DETAIL
          • V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_SCHEDULERS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$OPEN_CURSOR
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$OB_SQL_CCL_STATUS
          • V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$RESTORE_POINT
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
          • V$VERSION
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • V$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_THREAD
      • Monitoring Items Overview
      • General wait events
    • Parameters and system variables
      • Overview
      • Changes to parameters and system variables in V3.x and V4.x
      • Parameters
        • Overview of parameters
        • Cluster-level parameters
          • alert_log_level
          • all_cluster_list
          • all_server_list
          • arbitration_degradation_policy
          • auto_broadcast_location_cache_rate_limit
          • auto_leader_switch_interval
          • auto_refresh_location_cache_rate_limit
          • autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
          • async_ps_cursor_max_count
          • backup_backup_dest
          • backup_backup_dest_option
          • backup_concurrency
          • backup_dest
          • backup_dest_option
          • backup_log_archive_option
          • backup_net_limit
          • backup_recovery_window
          • backup_region
          • backup_zone
          • balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
          • balance_blacklist_retry_interval
          • balancer_emergency_percentage
          • balancer_log_interval
          • balancer_task_timeout
          • balancer_timeout_check_interval
          • balancer_tolerance_percentage
          • bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
          • bf_cache_priority
          • builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
          • cache_wash_threshold
          • clog_cache_priority
          • clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • clog_disk_utilization_threshold
          • clog_expire_days
          • clog_io_isolation_mode
          • clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
          • clog_transport_compress_func
          • cluster
          • cluster_id
          • config_additional_dir
          • cpu_count
          • cpu_reserved
          • das_batch_rpc_delay_us
          • data_copy_concurrency
          • data_dir
          • data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • data_disk_write_limit_percentage
          • data_storage_error_tolerance_time
          • data_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • datafile_disk_percentage
          • datafile_maxsize
          • datafile_next
          • datafile_size
          • dead_socket_detection_timeout
          • debug_sync_timeout
          • default_compress
          • default_compress_func
          • default_row_format
          • default_transport_compress_func
          • devname
          • diag_syslog_per_error_limit
          • disk_io_thread_count
          • dtl_buffer_size
          • election_blacklist_interval
          • election_cpu_quota
          • enable_asan_for_memory_context
          • enable_async_syslog
          • enable_auto_leader_switch
          • enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
          • enable_cgroup
          • enable_dblink
          • enable_ddl
          • enable_election_group
          • enable_global_background_resource_isolation
          • enable_global_freeze_trigger
          • enable_log_archive
          • enable_major_freeze
          • enable_manual_merge
          • enable_merge_by_turn
          • enable_ob_error_msg_style
          • enable_ob_esi_process
          • enable_ob_ratelimit
          • enable_one_phase_commit
          • enable_perf_event
          • enable_pg
          • enable_record_trace_id
          • enable_record_trace_log
          • enable_rereplication
          • enable_rich_error_msg
          • enable_rootservice_standalone
          • enable_rpc_authentication_bypass
          • enable_separate_sys_clog
          • enable_smooth_leader_switch
          • enable_sql_audit
          • enable_sql_operator_dump
          • enable_sys_table_ddl
          • enable_sys_unit_standalone
          • enable_syslog_recycle
          • enable_syslog_wf
          • enable_tcp_keepalive
          • enable_upgrade_mode
          • external_table_disk_cache_max_percentage
          • fast_recovery_concurrency
          • flush_log_at_trx_commit
          • fuse_row_cache_priority
          • gc_wait_archive
          • get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
          • global_background_cpu_quota
          • global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
          • global_major_freeze_residual_memory
          • global_write_halt_residual_memory
          • high_priority_net_thread_count
          • ignore_replay_checksum_error
          • ignore_replica_checksum_error
          • ilog_index_expire_time
          • index_block_cache_priority
          • index_cache_priority
          • index_clog_cache_priority
          • index_info_block_cache_priority
          • internal_sql_execute_timeout
          • io_scheduler_thread_count
          • large_query_threshold
          • large_query_worker_percentage
          • leak_mod_to_check
          • lease_time
          • local_ip
          • location_cache_cpu_quota
          • location_cache_expire_time
          • location_cache_priority
          • location_cache_refresh_min_interval
          • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
          • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
          • location_fetch_concurrency
          • location_refresh_thread_count
          • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
          • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
          • log_disk_percentage
          • log_disk_size
          • log_storage_warning_trigger_percentage
          • log_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • ls_meta_table_check_interval
          • max_kept_major_version_number
          • max_px_worker_count
          • max_string_print_length
          • max_syslog_file_count
          • memory_chunk_cache_size
          • memory_limit
          • memory_limit_percentage
          • memory_reserved
          • memstore_limit_percentage
          • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
          • merge_thread_count
          • merger_completion_percentage
          • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
          • merger_warm_up_duration_time
          • micro_block_merge_verify_level
          • migrate_concurrency
          • migration_disable_time
          • min_observer_version
          • minor_deferred_gc_time
          • minor_freeze_times
          • minor_merge_concurrency
          • minor_warm_up_duration_time
          • multiblock_read_gap_size
          • multiblock_read_size
          • mysql_port
          • net_thread_count
          • ob_esi_io_concurrency
          • ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
          • ob_esi_memory_limit
          • ob_esi_rpc_port
          • ob_esi_session_timeout
          • ob_esi_syslog_level
          • ob_event_history_recycle_interval
          • ob_ratelimit_stat_period
          • ob_startup_mode
          • ob_python_home
          • obconfig_url
          • observer_id
          • ob_storage_s3_url_encode_type
          • ob_enable_java_env
          • ob_java_home
          • ob_java_connector_path
          • ob_java_opts
          • ob_enable_utl_http
          • ofs_list
          • opt_tab_stat_cache_priority
          • partition_table_check_interval
          • plan_cache_evict_interval
          • plan_cache_high_watermark
          • plan_cache_low_watermark
          • px_task_size
          • plugins_load
          • prometheus_metrics_port
          • rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
          • recyclebin_object_expire_time
          • replica_safe_remove_time
          • resource_hard_limit
          • resource_soft_limit
          • restore_concurrency
          • rootservice_async_task_queue_size
          • rootservice_async_task_thread_count
          • rootservice_list
          • rootservice_memory_limit
          • rootservice_ready_check_interval
          • row_compaction_update_limit
          • row_purge_thread_count
          • rpc_client_authentication_method
          • rpc_port
          • rpc_server_authentication_method
          • rpc_timeout
          • schema_history_recycle_interval
          • server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
          • server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
          • server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
          • server_check_interval
          • server_cpu_quota_max
          • server_cpu_quota_min
          • server_data_copy_in_concurrency
          • server_data_copy_out_concurrency
          • server_permanent_offline_time
          • sql_audit_memory_limit
          • sql_login_thread_count
          • sql_net_thread_count
          • sql_protocol_min_tls_version
          • ssl_client_authentication
          • ssl_external_kms_info
          • stack_size
          • standby_fetch_log_bandwidth_limit
          • storage_meta_cache_priority
          • strict_check_os_params
          • switchover_process_thread_count
          • sync_io_thread_count
          • sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
          • sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
          • sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
          • sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
          • sys_bkgd_net_percentage
          • sys_cpu_limit_trigger
          • syslog_compress_func
          • syslog_disk_size
          • syslog_file_uncompressed_count
          • syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
          • syslog_level
          • syslog_sync_size_threshold
          • system_cpu_quota
          • system_memory
          • system_trace_level
          • tableapi_transport_compress_func
          • tablet_ls_cache_priority
          • tablet_meta_table_check_interval
          • tablet_meta_table_scan_batch_count
          • tablet_size
          • tcp_keepcnt
          • tcp_keepidle
          • tcp_keepintvl
          • tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
          • tenant_groups
          • tenant_task_queue_size
          • token_reserved_percentage
          • trace_log_sampling_interval
          • trace_log_slow_query_watermark
          • trx_2pc_retry_interval
          • trx_force_kill_threshold
          • trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
          • unit_balance_resource_weight
          • unit_gc_wait_time
          • use_large_pages
          • user_block_cache_priority
          • user_iort_up_percentage
          • user_row_cache_priority
          • user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
          • utl_file_open_max
          • virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
          • wait_leader_batch_count
          • weak_read_version_refresh_interval
          • workers_per_cpu_quota
          • zone
          • zone_merge_concurrency
          • zone_merge_order
          • zone_merge_timeout
        • Tenant-level parameters
          • arbitration_timeout
          • archive_lag_target
          • approx_count_distinct_precision
          • audit_log_buffer_size
          • audit_log_compression
          • audit_log_enable
          • audit_log_encryption
          • audit_log_format
          • audit_log_max_size
          • audit_log_path
          • audit_log_prune_seconds
          • audit_log_query_sql
          • audit_log_rotate_on_size
          • audit_log_strategy
          • audit_sys_operations
          • audit_trail
          • auto_split_tablet_size
          • backup_data_file_size
          • balancer_idle_time
          • choose_migration_source_policy
          • clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
          • clog_persistence_compress_func
          • compaction_dag_cnt_limit
          • compaction_high_thread_score
          • compaction_low_thread_score
          • compaction_mid_thread_score
          • compaction_schedule_tablet_batch_cnt
          • compatible
          • connection_control_failed_connections_threshold
          • connection_control_max_connection_delay
          • connection_control_min_connection_delay
          • cpu_quota_concurrency
          • ddl_thread_score
          • default_auto_increment_mode
          • default_enable_extended_rowid
          • default_load_mode
          • default_micro_block_format_version
          • default_progressive_merge_num
          • default_skip_index_level
          • default_table_merge_engine
          • default_table_organization
          • default_table_store_format
          • direct_load_allow_fallback
          • dump_data_dictionary_to_log_interval
          • enable_adaptive_plan_cache
          • enable_auto_split
          • enable_clog_encryption
          • enable_clog_persistence_compress
          • enable_database_sharding_none
          • enable_early_lock_release
          • enable_hbase_rowkey_ttl
          • enable_pl_rich_error_msg
          • enable_gts_standalone
          • enable_kv_group_commit
          • enable_kv_ttl
          • enable_lock_priority
          • enable_mlog_auto_maintenance
          • enable_monotonic_weak_read
          • enable_mv_binlog_minimal_mode
          • enable_ls_leader_balance
          • enable_rebalance
          • enable_sql_extension
          • enable_standby_semi_sync
          • enable_transfer
          • enable_user_defined_rewrite_rules
          • enable_ps_parameterize
          • external_kms_info
          • external_table_io_hole_size
          • external_table_io_range_size
          • external_table_csv_max_buffer_size
          • freeze_trigger_percentage
          • global_index_auto_split_policy
          • ha_high_thread_score
          • ha_low_thread_score
          • ha_mid_thread_score
          • io_category_config
          • job_queue_processes
          • json_document_max_depth
          • kv_ttl_duty_duration
          • kv_group_commit_batch_size
          • kv_group_commit_rw_mode
          • kv_hbase_client_scanner_timeout_period
          • kv_ttl_history_recycle_interval
          • load_data_diagnosis_log_compression
          • load_data_diagnosis_log_max_size
          • load_vector_index_on_follower
          • lob_enable_block_cache_threshold
          • log_archive_concurrency
          • log_disk_throttling_maximum_duration
          • log_disk_throttling_percentage
          • log_disk_utilization_limit_threshold
          • log_disk_utilization_threshold
          • log_restore_concurrency
          • log_storage_compress_all
          • log_storage_compress_func
          • log_transport_compress_all
          • log_transport_compress_func
          • ls_gc_delay_time
          • ls_scale_out_factor
          • major_compact_trigger
          • major_freeze_duty_time
          • max_partition_num
          • max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
          • mds_compaction_high_thread_score
          • mds_compaction_mid_thread_score
          • mds_minor_compact_trigger
          • merger_check_interval
          • minor_compact_trigger
          • mlog_trim_interval
          • mv_refresh_concurrency
          • ob_compaction_schedule_interval
          • ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
          • ob_encoding_granularity
          • ob_enable_java_udf
          • ob_enable_python_udf
          • ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy
          • ob_query_switch_leader_retry_timeout
          • ob_ssl_invited_common_names
          • ob_vector_memory_limit_percentage
          • ob_vector_search_strategy
          • open_cursors
          • optimizer_index_cost_adj
          • partition_balance_schedule_interval
          • plsql_code_type
          • plsql_debug
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • plsql_v2_compatibility
          • px_node_policy
          • package_state_sync_max_size
          • px_workers_per_cpu_quota
          • query_memory_limit_percentage
          • query_response_time_flush
          • query_response_time_range_base
          • query_response_time_stats
          • range_optimizer_max_mem_size
          • recover_table_concurrency
          • recover_table_dop
          • replica_parallel_migration_mode
          • result_cache_max_size
          • result_cache_max_result
          • ob_result_cache_evict_percentage
          • ob_deterministic_udf_cache_max_size
          • rpc_memory_limit_percentage
          • schema_history_archive_expire_time
          • schema_history_expire_time
          • spill_compression_codec
          • sql_work_area
          • standby_db_fetch_log_rpc_timeout
          • standby_db_preferred_upstream_log_region
          • sts_credential
          • tde_method
          • tenant_sql_login_thread_count
          • tenant_sql_net_thread_count
          • temporary_file_max_disk_size
          • storage_rowsets_size
          • ttl_thread_score
          • undo_retention
          • vector_index_memory_saving_mode
          • vector_index_optimize_duty_time
          • workarea_size_policy
          • writing_throttling_maximum_duration
          • writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
          • zone_deploy_mode
          • zone_disk_balance_tolerance_percentage
      • System variables
        • Overview
        • Global variables
          • activate_all_roles_on_login
          • auto_increment_cache_size
          • auto_increment_increment
          • auto_increment_offset
          • autocommit
          • automatic_sp_privileges
          • binlog_row_image
          • block_encryption_mode
          • character_set_client
          • character_set_connection
          • cardinality_estimation_model
          • caching_sha2_password_digest_rounds
          • character_set_database
          • character_set_filesystem
          • character_set_results
          • character_set_server
          • character_set_system
          • collation_connection
          • collation_database
          • collation_server
          • connect_timeout
          • cte_max_recursion_depth
          • cursor_sharing
          • datadir
          • default_authentication_plugin
          • default_password_lifetime
          • default_storage_engine
          • div_precision_increment
          • error_on_overlap_time
          • event_scheduler
          • explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
          • ENABLE_OPTIMIZER_ROWGOAL
          • foreign_key_checks
          • group_concat_max_len
          • identity
          • init_connect
          • innodb_stats_persistent
          • innodb_strict_mode
          • interactive_timeout
          • json_float_full_precision
          • license
          • lc_time_names
          • log_row_value_options
          • long_query_time
          • lower_case_table_names
          • max_allowed_packet
          • max_connections
          • max_sp_recursion_depth
          • max_user_connections
          • max_execution_time
          • mview_refresh_dop
          • net_buffer_length
          • net_read_timeout
          • net_write_timeout
          • nls_calendar
          • nls_characterset
          • nls_comp
          • nls_currency
          • nls_date_format
          • nls_date_language
          • nls_dual_currency
          • nls_iso_currency
          • nls_length_semantics
          • nls_nchar_characterset
          • nls_nchar_conv_excp
          • nls_numeric_characters
          • nls_sort
          • nls_territory
          • nls_timestamp_format
          • nls_timestamp_tz_format
          • ob_bnl_join_cache_size
          • ob_compatibility_mode
          • ob_compatibility_control
          • ob_compatibility_version
          • ob_create_table_strict_mode
          • ob_default_lob_inrow_threshold
          • ob_default_replica_num
          • ob_early_lock_release
          • ob_enable_ps_parameter_anonymous_block
          • ob_enable_pl_async_commit
          • ob_enable_parameter_anonymous_block
          • ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
          • ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
          • ob_enable_hash_group_by
          • ob_enable_index_direct_select
          • ob_enable_jit
          • ob_enable_pl_cache
          • ob_enable_plan_cache
          • ob_enable_sql_audit
          • ob_enable_transformation
          • ob_enable_transmission_checksum
          • ob_enable_truncate_flashback
          • ob_global_debug_sync
          • ob_log_level
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
          • ob_pl_block_timeout
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_percentage
          • ob_proxy_global_variables_version
          • ob_query_timeout
          • ob_read_consistency
          • ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
          • ob_route_policy
          • ob_sql_audit_percentage
          • ob_sql_work_area_percentage
          • ob_table_access_policy
          • ob_tcp_invited_nodes
          • ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
          • ob_timestamp_service
          • ob_trx_idle_timeout
          • ob_trx_lock_timeout
          • ob_trx_timeout
          • ob_udf_cost_factor
          • ob_udf_selectivity
          • optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
          • ob_security_version
          • optimizer_dynamic_sampling
          • optimizer_features_enable
          • optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
          • parallel_degree_limit
          • parallel_degree_policy
          • parallel_max_servers
          • parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
          • parallel_servers_target
          • performance_schema
          • partition_index_dive_limit
          • plugin_dir
          • plsql_ccflags
          • pid_file
          • query_cache_size
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • plsql_can_transform_sql_to_assign
          • port
          • query_cache_type
          • query_rewrite_enabled
          • query_rewrite_integrity
          • read_only
          • range_index_dive_limit
          • recyclebin
          • regexp_stack_limit
          • regexp_time_limit
          • resource_manager_plan
          • socket
          • runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
          • runtime_filter_max_in_num
          • runtime_filter_type
          • runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
          • secure_file_priv
          • server_uuid
          • session_track_schema
          • session_track_state_change
          • session_track_system_variables
          • sql_auto_is_null
          • sql_mode
          • sql_quote_show_create
          • sql_safe_updates
          • sql_select_limit
          • sql_throttle_current_priority
          • sql_throttle_network
          • sql_throttle_priority
          • sql_throttle_rt
          • SQL_TRANSPILER
          • sql_warnings
          • system_time_zone
          • time_zone
          • transaction_isolation
          • transaction_read_only
          • tx_isolation
          • tx_read_only
          • validate_password_check_user_name
          • validate_password_length
          • validate_password_mixed_case_count
          • validate_password_number_count
          • validate_password_policy
          • validate_password_special_char_count
          • version
          • version_comment
          • wait_timeout
        • Session-level variables
          • enable_sql_plan_monitor
          • is_result_accurate
          • last_insert_id
          • nls_language
          • ob_capability_flag
          • ob_enable_show_trace
          • ob_hnsw_ef_search
          • ob_ivf_nprobes
          • ob_last_schema_version
          • ob_org_cluster_id
          • ob_sparse_drop_ratio_search
          • ob_proxy_partition_hit
          • ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
          • ob_trace_info
          • timestamp
          • tracefile_identifier
    • Error codes
      • MySQL-compatible mode
        • Overview
        • 0001 ~ 3999
        • 4000 ~ 4499
        • 4500 ~ 4999
        • 5000 ~ 5999
        • 6000 ~ 6999
        • 7000 ~ 7999
        • 8000 ~ 8999
        • 9000 ~ 9499
        • 9500 ~ 9999
        • 10000 ~ 12000
        • 22998, 30926, 38104, and 38105
      • Oracle-compatible mode
        • Overview
        • OBE-00000 ~ OBE-00999
        • OBE-01000 ~ OBE-01499
        • OBE-01500 ~ OBE-01999
        • OBE-02000 ~ OBE-04999
        • OBE-05000 ~ OBE-10000
        • OBE-10000 ~ OBE-19999
        • OBE-20000 ~ OBE-29999
        • OBE-30000 ~ OBE-49999
        • OBE-50000 ~ OBE-99999
        • PLS-00000 ~ PLS-00999
    • Performance tuning
      • Overview
      • Performance related tools
        • System tools
          • Top general tool
          • CPU tools
          • Memory tools
          • Disk I/O tools
          • Network tools
        • Internal tables
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
        • Logs
          • slow trans
          • dump tenant info
          • Trace logs
        • OCP
      • System tuning
        • OS parameter tuning
        • Database parameter tuning
          • CPU-related parameters
          • I/O-related parameters
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Network transmission related parameters
        • ODP parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • Network transmission related parameters
          • Routing parameters on nodes
      • Business model tuning
        • Load balancing
        • SQL diagnostics
        • Distributed transactions
      • Performance diagnosis
        • Cluster performance diagnosis
        • Diagnose tenant performance
        • Monitor ODP performance
        • Monitor host performance
        • WR management
          • Overview
          • Manage WR
          • Monitor historical session performance
          • Clean up WR data
        • ASH report
          • ASH
          • Generate an ASH report
          • Analyze an ASH report
          • ASH best practices
      • SQL tuning
        • Execution process of SQL queries
        • SQL execution plans
          • Introduction to SQL execution plans
          • Fast parameterization
          • Execution plan cache
          • Execution plan operators
            • TABLE SCAN
            • JOIN
            • COUNT
            • GROUP BY
            • WINDOW FUNCTION
            • SUBPLAN FILTER
            • DISTINCT
            • SEQUENCE
            • MATERIAL
            • SORT
            • LIMIT
            • FOR UPDATE
            • SELECT INTO
            • SUBPLAN SCAN
            • UNION
            • INTERSECT
            • EXCEPT/MINUS
            • INSERT
            • DELETE
            • UPDATE
            • MERGE
            • EXCHANGE
            • GI
          • Display execution plans in real time
          • SQL optimization practice with EXPLAIN
        • Distributed execution plans
          • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
          • Generate a distributed plan
          • Schedule distributed execution plans
          • Manage distributed execution plans
          • Parallel execution enabling methods and their priority
          • Auto DOP
          • Execute parallel queries
          • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
          • Parallel DML
          • Parallel DDL
        • Parallel execution plans
          • Introduction to parallel execution
          • Classification and optimization of parallel execution
          • Set concurrent execution
            • Concurrency control and queuing
            • Set a DOP for parallel execution
            • Set parallel execution parameters
          • Parallel execution diagnostics
          • Parallel execution tuning tips
          • Quick start
        • SQL tuning
          • Overview of SQL tuning
          • General procedure
          • SQL execution performance monitoring
            • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
            • SQL Trace
            • Plan cache views
            • SQL performance analysis example
              • Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
              • Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
              • View and analyze the shape of an execution plan
              • Analyze slow SQL queries
              • Query SQL traffic distribution and QPS
              • Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
              • Find the TOP N SQL queries
              • Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
              • Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
              • Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a certain period
              • Analyze queries related to distributed plans
              • Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
          • Optimizer statistics
            • Overview of statistics
            • Statistics collection methods
              • Overview of statistics collection methods
              • Histograms
              • Manually collect statistics
              • Automatic statistics collection
              • Asynchronous statistics collection
              • Online statistics collection
              • Dynamic sampling
            • Statistics management
              • Overview
              • Delete statistics
              • Set statistics
              • Import and export statistics
              • Lock and unlock statistics
              • Manage statistics history
              • Manage statistics preferences
            • Collection and update strategy for partitioned table statistics
            • Monitoring and diagnostics for statistics collection
            • OceanBase statistics management practical guide
          • Query rewrite
            • Overview
            • Rule-based query rewrite
            • Cost-based query rewrite
          • Query optimization
            • Access path
              • Overview
              • Rule-based path selection
              • Cost-based path selection
            • Join algorithm
              • Overview
              • Join algorithms
              • Runtime filter
              • Join order
          • Manage execution plans
            • Optimizer hints
            • Plan binding
            • SQL execution plan management (SPM)
        • Glossary
        • General issues in SQL tuning
    • Performance testing
      • OceanBase Sysbench testing
        • OceanBase Sysbench high-performance parameter configuration
        • OceanBase Sysbench performance issue analysis
      • OceanBase TPC-H testing
        • OceanBase Database TPC-H testing
        • OceanBase Database TPC-H benchmark report
    • Database proxy
      • OceanBase Database Proxy
      • Connection and routing
      • ODP
        • Overview
        • Manage ODP clusters
          • Create an ODP cluster
          • Manage ODP cluster parameters
          • Delete an ODP cluster
          • Upgrade all ODPs in an ODP cluster
          • Restart all ODPs in an ODP cluster
          • Manage OceanBase clusters connected to an ODP cluster
          • Monitor ODP cluster performance
        • Manage ODP
          • Add an ODP
          • Start an ODP
          • Refresh ODP configurations
          • Stop an ODP
          • Restart an ODP
          • Delete an ODP
          • Upgrade one or more ODPs
        • ODP startup parameters
      • Physical connections
      • Logical connection
        • Query all sessions
        • Query the details of a session
        • Query the metrics of a session
        • Query session variables
        • Terminate a server session
      • Route management
        • Table-based routing of ODP
        • LDC-based routing
        • ODP routing policy
          • Read/Write splitting
          • Follower-first read
          • Blocklist mechanism
          • Transaction routing
      • View tenant sessions
      • Terminate a tenant session
      • Set the maximum number of connections for a tenant
    • Drivers
      • ECOB
      • OBCI
      • OceanBase Connector/J
      • OceanBase Connector/C
      • OceanBase Connector/ODBC
    • Platforms
      • OMA
      • OMS
      • OCP
      • OceanBase Developer Center (ODC)
      • OAT
    • Components & tools
      • O&M management
        • obshell
          • Use cases
            • obshell management
              • Start or stop obshell
              • Upgrade obshell
            • cluster management
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  4. V4.4.2

Monitoring Items Overview

Last Updated:2026-09-03 07:31:10

Query metrics
Monitoring item categories
Network
Request queue
Transactions
SQL
Cache
Storage
Resources
Logs
CLOG
Root Service
ASH
TableAPI
WR
References

Covers key monitoring metrics for all core components of OceanBase Database, including its clusters, tenants, and hosts.

Query metrics

You can execute an SQL statement in the sys tenant to query the definitions of all monitoring metrics. Example:

obclient> SELECT STAT_ID, CLASS, NAME FROM V$STATNAME;

Many monitoring metrics are related to internal implementations and may be subject to changes or deletions. The specific status shall be subject to the actual situation. For details about the categories of monitoring metrics, see Monitoring metrics.

Monitoring item categories

OceanBase Database V4.x supports monitoring over 600 metrics across 15 categories, covering all key performance indicators such as network, request queue, transaction, SQL, cache, storage, resource quota, and logs. The specific categories are as follows:

Metric Category ID
Monitoring Item Category
Monitoring Item Category Description
1 NETWORK Network
2 QUEUE request queue
4 TRANS Transaction
8 SQL SQL
16 CACHE cache
32 STORAGE Storage
64 RESOURCE Resource
128 DEBUG log
256 CLOG CLOG
512 ELECT election
1024 OBSERVER system
2048 RS Root Service
3072 Time Model Time Model
4096 TABLEAPI TableAPI
8192 WR WR

Network

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
10000 1 rpc packet in The cumulative number of RPC packets received by the tenant. The count increments by 1 whenever a tenant receives an RPC request or receives a response packet after sending an RPC request.
10001 1 rpc packet in bytes The cumulative number of bytes received by the tenant in RPC packets, in bytes. This value is calculated by adding the byte size of each RPC request received by the tenant or the byte size of each response packet received after sending an RPC request.
10002 1 rpc packet out The cumulative number of RPC packets sent by the tenant. The count increments by 1 each time a tenant sends an RPC request or responds to an RPC request it receives.
10003 1 rpc packet out bytes The total number of bytes of RPC packets sent by the tenant, in bytes. This value is calculated by adding the byte count of each RPC request sent by the tenant and the byte count of each response packet sent in response to an RPC request received by the tenant.
10004 1 rpc deliver fail Total number of failures in forwarding RPC requests to the tenant work queue. The count increments by 1 when an RPC request fails to be forwarded to the tenant queue during RPC IO forwarding.
10005 1 rpc net delay The cumulative network transmission delay of RPC requests received by a tenant, in microseconds. After an RPC IO thread parses an RPC request, it obtains the current timestamp, subtracts the sending timestamp obtained from the packet header to get the difference, and adds this value to RPC_NET_DELAY.
10006 1 rpc net frame delay The cumulative network framework processing time for RPC requests received by a tenant, in microseconds. When an RPC IO forwards an RPC request to the tenant queue, it obtains the current timestamp, subtracts the timestamp recorded when the RPC packet was parsed, and adds the difference to RPC_NET_FRAME_DELAY.
10007 1 mysql packet in The cumulative number of SQL request packets received by the tenant. This value is incremented by 1 each time a network thread decodes a complete SQL request packet.
10008 1 mysql packet in bytes The cumulative size of SQL request packets received by the tenant, in bytes. The size of the original data packets received by the network thread is obtained according to protocol rules.
10009 1 mysql packet out The cumulative number of response packets returned by the tenant for an SQL request. When a network thread returns a packet, the counter increments by 1 for each fully encoded packet.
10010 1 mysql packet out bytes The cumulative value of the bytes returned in response to SQL requests for a tenant, in bytes. The encoding size is accumulated during the encoding of the response result set.
10011 1 mysql deliver fail The cumulative number of times a tenant's SQL login request fails to be placed into the login queue and other requests fail to be placed into the worker thread queue. For login requests, this value increments by 1 if the login request thread queue is full. For other requests, this value increments by 1 if the tenant's worker thread queue is full.
10012 1 rpc compress original packet cnt The cumulative number of RPC requests sent by the tenant that specify compression. This count increments by 1 whenever an RPC request is sent with the compressor_type parameter set.
10013 1 rpc compress compressed packet cnt The cumulative number of compressed RPC requests sent by tenants. When an RPC is sent, if the compressor_type parameter is set and the compression succeeds (the compressed byte count is less than the original byte count), the counter increments by 1.
10014 1 rpc compress original size The RPC request sent by the tenant specifies the original byte size of the request to be compressed, in bytes. When an RPC is sent, if the compressor_type is set for this RPC, the original byte size of the uncompressed RPC packet is accumulated in the RPC_COMPRESS_ORIGINAL_SIZE metric.
10015 1 rpc compress compressed size The cumulative size of compressed RPC requests sent by the tenant, in bytes. When an RPC is sent, if the compressor_type is set and the compression is successful, the compressed byte count is accumulated in the RPC_COMPRESS_COMPRESSED_SIZE metric.
10016 1 rpc stream compress original packet cnt The V4.x version has been deprecated and is only retained in the code. The unit is times.
10017 1 rpc stream compress compressed packet cnt The V4.x version has been deprecated and is only retained in the code. The unit is times.
10018 1 rpc stream compress original size The V4.x version has been deprecated and is only retained in the code. The unit is bytes.
10019 1 rpc stream compress compressed size The V4.x version has been deprecated and is only retained in the code. The unit is bytes.
110000 1 standby fetch log bytes The cumulative amount of data received via RPCs during network standby database synchronization on the OBServer node, in bytes. When data is received via RPCs during network standby database synchronization, the number of bytes received is accumulated in the STANDBY FETCH_LOG_BYTES metric.
110001 1 standby fetch log bandwidth limit The bandwidth cap allocated to an OBServer node when network throttling is enabled for standby database synchronization. The unit is bytes. After network throttling is enabled for standby databases, the RS node distributes bandwidth to nodes in the cluster according to the configured strategy. After receiving the bandwidth cap allocated by the RS node, the OBServer node records it in the STANDBY FETCH_LOG_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT metric.

Request queue

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
20000 2 request enqueue count Indicates the total number of requests in the queue for a tenant. The count increments by 1 each time a request is placed into the worker thread queue.
20001 2 request dequeue count Indicates the total number of requests that have exited the queue for a tenant. The count increments by 1 each time a request exits the worker thread queue.
20002 2 request queue time The total time spent by all request queues of a tenant, in microseconds. When a tenant worker thread receives a request, it calculates the queue time by subtracting the time when the request entered the queue from the current time, and accumulates this value in the REQUEST_QUEUE_TIME metric.

Transactions

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
30000 4 trans commit log sync time The cumulative time consumed by a transaction's clogs being successfully committed to a majority of replicas on this server, in microseconds. When the majority of replicas have successfully processed the clogs and the callback to the transaction layer is triggered, the current time is subtracted from the time when the clogs were successfully committed to calculate the time spent by the majority. This time is then accumulated to this statistic.
30001 4 trans commit log sync count The number of majorities of clogs submitted successfully by the tenant on this server. Each time a majority of clogs is successfully committed, a callback is sent to the transaction layer, which increments the count upon receiving it.
30002 4 trans commit log submit count The number of clogs submitted by the tenant on this server. The count increases by 1 after each successful clog submission (not guaranteed to be a majority success).
30005 4 trans start count The number of transactions started by this tenant on the server. This statistic increases each time a transaction is successfully started on the OBServer node where the session is created.
30006 4 trans total used time The cumulative transaction time of the tenant on this server, in microseconds. After each transaction is completed on the OBServer node where the session is created, the cumulative transaction time is added to this statistic.
30007 4 trans commit count The number of successfully committed transactions for this tenant on the server. This count increases by 1 each time a transaction is successfully committed on the OBServer node where the session is connected.
30008 4 trans commit time The cumulative transaction commit time of the tenant on this server, in microseconds. After each successful transaction commit on the OBServer node where the session is created, the cumulative commit time is added to this statistic.
30009 4 trans rollback count The number of transactions successfully rolled back for the tenant on this server. This statistic is incremented each time a transaction is successfully rolled back on the OBServer node where the session was created.
30010 4 trans rollback time The transaction rollback time of the tenant on this server, in microseconds. After each successful rollback on the OBServer node where the session is created, the cumulative rollback time is added to this statistic.
30011 4 trans timeout count The number of transactions that time out for this tenant on the server. This statistic is incremented each time a transaction times out on the OBServer node where the session was created.
30012 4 trans local trans count The number of single-phase transactions terminated on this server for the tenant (including both commits and rollbacks). Each time a transaction is terminated on the OBServer node where the session was created, the number of participants is checked. If the number of participants equals 1, this counter is incremented.
30013 4 trans distribute trans count The number of distributed transactions terminated on this server for the tenant (including both committed and rolled back transactions). This count is incremented whenever the number of participants exceeds one after a transaction is terminated on the OBServer node where the session was created.
30017 4 trans without participant count The number of read-only transactions ended on this server for the tenant (including both committed and rolled back transactions). This count is incremented whenever the number of participants equals zero after a transaction is ended on the OBServer node where the session was created.
30018 4 redo log replay count The number of redo logs replayed for a transaction within a tenant. The count increments by 1 each time the redo logs of that transaction are replayed.
30019 4 redo log replay time The cumulative time consumed for replaying redo logs of transactions within a tenant, in microseconds. Each time redo logs are replayed, the time consumed for that replay is recorded and added to this statistic.
30020 4 prepare log replay count The number of prepared logs rolled back within the tenant. The count increments by 1 each time a prepared log is rolled back.
30021 4 prepare log replay time The cumulative time consumed in replaying prepare logs for transactions within a tenant, in microseconds. Each time prepare logs are replayed, the time spent on that replay is recorded and added to this statistic.
30022 4 commit log replay count The number of times a transaction's commit log has been rolled back within the tenant. The count increases by 1 each time the transaction's commit log is rolled back.
30023 4 commit log replay time The cumulative time consumed in replaying commit logs for transactions within a tenant. Each time commit logs are replayed, the time spent on that replay is recorded and added to this statistic.
30024 4 abort log replay count The number of aborted logs rolled back within a tenant. The count increments by 1 each time an aborted log is successfully rolled back.
30025 4 abort log replay time The cumulative time consumed in replaying abort logs of transactions within a tenant, in microseconds. Each time an abort log is replayed, the time consumed for that replay is recorded and added to this statistic.
30026 4 clear log replay count The number of cleared logs for transactions rolled back within the tenant. This count increases by 1 each time a transaction's cleared logs are rolled back.
30027 4 clear log replay time The cumulative time consumed for replaying clear logs of transactions within a tenant, in microseconds. Each time clear logs are replayed, the time consumed for that replay is recorded and added to this statistic.
30053 4 gts request total count The total number of GTS requests processed by the GTS server. The count increments by 1 when the GTS server finishes processing a GTS request.
30054 4 gts acquire total time For async GTS retrieval scenarios, this metric indicates the total wait time for obtaining GTS, in microseconds. The wait time is incremented when GTS is acquired. This feature is not yet implemented, so this metric is currently meaningless.
30056 4 gts acquire total wait count For GTS async scenarios, indicates the total number of GTS fetches. The count increments by 1 when a GTS is fetched.
30063 4 gts wait elapse total time For GTS async scenarios, the total wait time for GTS to be pushed, in microseconds. The wait time increases when GTS is pushed.
30065 4 gts wait elapse total wait count Total number of times waiting for GTS to push data in async scenarios. Unit: microseconds. The count increments by 1 when GTS pushes data.
30077 4 trans early lock release enable count Deprecated since V4.4.1. Unit: times.
30078 4 trans early lock release unable count Deprecated since V4.4.1. Unit: times.
30079 4 read elr row count Total number of rows whose row locks were released early during write operations to the MemTable. During the write process to the MemTable, this is the number of data rows for which the lock was successfully released early.
30080 4 local trans total used time The cumulative duration of single-phase transactions ended on this server for the tenant, in microseconds. This statistic is accumulated on the OBServer node where the session is created, each time a transaction is ended. The transaction duration is added to this statistic when the number of participants equals 1.
30081 4 distributed trans total used time The cumulative duration of distributed transactions terminated on this server for the tenant, including both commit and rollback terminations. The unit is microseconds. After each transaction termination on the OBServer node where the session is created, the number of participants is checked. If the number of participants is greater than 1, the transaction duration is accumulated to this statistic.
30082 4 tx data hit mini cache count The number of times a transaction data table is hit in the MINI Cache. The MINI Cache is the highest-speed cache for TxData, and a higher hit rate indicates better performance. (The MINI Cache is a request-level cache, with one per Access Context.) The counter increments by 1 each time a TxData record is read from the MINI Cache.
30083 4 tx data hit kv cache count The number of times a read transaction data hit the KVCache. The performance of the KVCache is slightly weaker than that of the MINI Cache. Most read requests are expected to hit the KV or MINI Cache. The counter increments by 1 each time a TxData record is read from the KVCache.
30084 4 tx data read tx ctx count The number of times the transaction context table is hit when reading transaction data. The counter increments by 1 each time a TxData record is read from the transaction context table.
30085 4 tx data read tx data memtable count The number of times that a read from the transaction data table's MemTable is required when the cache does not hit during transaction data reads. The counter increments by 1 each time a TxData record is read from the transaction data table's MemTable.
30086 4 tx data read tx data sstable count The number of times TxData is read from the SSTable of a transaction data table during transaction data reading. (Reading TxData from an SSTable is the least efficient operation, so this metric is not expected to be high.) The counter increments by 1 each time one TxData record is read from the SSTable of a transaction data table.
30200 4 xa start total count For XA transactions, the total number of XA_START statements, including both successful and failed ones. The count increments by 1 after the transaction-side logic of XA_START is executed.
30201 4 xa start total used time For XA transactions, the total execution time of the XA_START statement, including both successful and failed cases, in microseconds. After the transaction side completes the XA_START logic, the local processing time is added.
30202 4 xa start with rpc total count The total number of XA_START statements executed remotely for XA transactions, including only successful ones. The count increments by 1 if an XA_START statement is executed remotely and successfully after the transaction-side logic completes.
30203 4 failed xa start total count The total number of failures in executing the XA_START statement for XA transactions. This count increments by 1 when the XA_START logic fails to execute on the transaction side.
30204 4 xa end total count The total number of XA_END statements executed for XA transactions, including both successful and failed ones. The count increments by 1 after the transaction-side logic of XA_END is executed.
30205 4 xa end total used count For an XA transaction, the total execution time of the XA_END statement, in microseconds. After the transaction side completes the XA_END logic, the local processing time is added.
30206 4 xa end with rpc total count The total number of successfully executed XA_END statements on the remote side for XA transactions. The count increments when the XA_END logic is successfully executed remotely.
30207 4 failed xa end total count The total number of failed executions of the XA_END statement for XA transactions. The count increments by 1 when an error occurs during the execution of the XA_END statement on the transaction side.
30208 4 xa prepare total count For XA transactions, the total number of XA_PREPARE statements, including both successful and failed ones. The count increments after the transaction-side logic completes the XA_PREPARE statement.
30209 4 xa prepare total used time For XA transactions, the total execution time of XA_PREPARE statements, including both successful and failed ones, in microseconds. After the transaction side completes the XA_PREPARE logic, the local processing time is added.
30210 4 xa prepare with rpc total count For XA transactions, the total number of remotely executed XA_PREPARE statements, including only successful ones. The count increments by 1 if an XA_PREPARE statement is remotely executed and succeeds after the transaction has completed its XA_START logic.
30211 4 failed xa prepare total count The total number of XA_PREPARE statements that failed to execute for XA transactions. This count is incremented when the XA_PREPARE logic fails to execute on the transaction side.
30212 4 xa commit total count For XA transactions, the total number of XA_COMMIT statements executed, including both successful and failed ones. The count increments by 1 after the transaction-side completes its XA_COMMIT logic.
30213 4 xa commit total used time For an XA transaction, the total execution time of the XA_COMMIT statement, in microseconds. After the transaction side completes the XA_COMMIT logic, this value is increased by the consumption time for local processing.
30214 4 xa commit with rpc total count For XA transactions, the total number of successfully executed XA_COMMIT statements on remote nodes. The count increments by 1 when the XA COMMIT logic is successfully executed remotely.
30215 4 failed xa commit total count The total number of failures in executing the XA_COMMIT statement for XA transactions. The count is incremented when an error occurs during the execution of the XA_COMMIT statement on the transaction side.
30216 4 xa rollback total count For XA transactions, the total number of XA_ROLLBACK statements, including both successful and failed ones. The count increments by 1 after the transaction-side logic of XA_ROLLBACK is executed.
30217 4 xa rollback total used time For XA transactions, the total execution time of the XA_ROLLBACK statement, including both successful and failed cases, in microseconds. After the transaction side completes the XA_ROLLBACK logic, the local processing time is added.
30218 4 xa rollback with rpc total count The total number of XA_ROLLBACK statements executed remotely for XA transactions, including only successful ones. This count is incremented if an XA_ROLLBACK statement is executed remotely and succeeds after the transaction-side logic of XA_START has been completed.
30219 4 failed xa rollback total count The total number of failed executions of the XA_ROLLBACK statement for XA transactions. This count increments by 1 when the XA_ROLLBACK logic fails to execute on the transaction side.
30220 4 started xa trans count For XA transactions, the total number of successfully started XA transactions. The count increments by 1 after an XA transaction is successfully started on the transaction side.
30221 4 read only xa trans total count Total number of read-only XA transactions. This count is incremented when a transaction side commits an XA transaction that is marked as read-only.
30222 4 xa trans with one phase commit total count For XA transactions, the total number of XA transactions with one-phase commit. The count increments by 1 when an XA transaction is committed using one-phase commit on the transaction side.
30223 4 inner sql total count in xa statement For an XA transaction, this is the total number of inner SQL statements executed during the XA logic execution. When the transaction side executes the XA logic, the count increments by 1 after each inner SQL statement is executed.
30224 4 total count of inner sql (latency >= 10ms) in xa statement For XA transactions, the total number of INNERSQL statements whose execution time exceeds 10 ms during the execution of XA logic. When the transaction side executes XA logic, if the execution time of an INNER SQL statement exceeds 10 ms, the count is incremented by 1.
30225 4 total count of inner sql (latency >= 20ms) in xa statement For XA transactions, the total number of INNER SQL statements whose execution time exceeds 20 ms during the execution of XA logic. When the transaction side executes XA logic, if the execution time of an INNER SQL statement exceeds 20 ms, the count is incremented by 1.
30226 4 inner sql total used time in xa statement For an XA transaction, this is the total time consumed by inner SQL statements during the execution of XA logic, in microseconds. When executing XA logic on the transaction side, the time consumed by inner SQL statements is added after they are executed.
30227 4 inner rpc total count in xa statement For an XA transaction, this is the total number of RPCs in the execution of the XA logic. The count increments by 1 each time an RPC is called when executing the XA logic on the transaction side.
30228 4 total count of inner rpc (latency >= 10ms) in xa statement For XA transactions, the total number of RPCs whose execution time exceeds 10 ms during the execution of XA logic. When the transaction side executes XA logic, if an RPC takes more than 10 ms to execute, the count is incremented by 1.
30229 4 total count of inner rpc (latency >= 20ms) in xa statement For XA transactions, the total number of RPCs whose execution time exceeds 20 ms during XA logic execution. When the transaction side executes XA logic, if an RPC takes more than 20 ms to execute, the count is incremented by 1.
30230 4 inner rpc total used time in xa statement For XA transactions, this is the total time consumed by RPCs during the execution of XA logic, in microseconds. When executing XA logic on the transaction side, the RPC consumption time increases after each RPC call.
30231 4 dblink trans total count Total number of DBlink transactions. The count increments by 1 when a DBlink transaction is started.
30232 4 failed dblink trans total count The total number of failed DBlink transactions. The count increments when a DBlink transaction is initiated and fails.
30233 4 dblink trans promotion total count The total number of times a regular transaction is upgraded to a DBlink transaction. The count increments by 1 when a regular transaction is upgraded to a DBlink transaction.
30234 4 dblink trans callback total count Total number of transaction calls for reverse link recovery. The count increments by 1 when a transaction is recovered via reverse link.
30235 4 dblink trans commit total count Total number of DBlink transactions committed. The count increments by 1 when a DBlink transaction executes a COMMIT statement.
30236 4 dblink trans commit total used time For DBlink transactions, this is the total time consumed by a DBlink transaction commit, in microseconds. It increases when the DBlink transaction executes a commit statement.
30237 4 failed dblink trans commit total count Total number of failed commits for DBlink transactions. The count increments when a commit statement is executed by a DBlink transaction and fails.
30238 4 dblink trans rollback total count Total number of rollbacks for DBlink transactions. The count increments by 1 when a DBlink transaction executes a Rollback statement.
30239 4 dblink trans rollback total used time For DBlink transactions, the total time consumed for rolling back a DBlink transaction, in microseconds. This value is incremented when a DBlink transaction executes a Rollback statement.
30240 4 failed dblink trans rollback total count The total number of failed DBlink transaction rollbacks. The count increments when a DBlink transaction executes a Rollback statement and fails.

SQL

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
40000 8 sql select count Number of SQL SELECT executions.
40001 8 sql select time Total SQL SELECT execution time, in microseconds.
40002 8 sql insert count Total number of INSERT statements issued by users.
40003 8 sql insert time Total time consumed by user-issued INSERT statements.
40004 8 sql replace count Total number of REPLACE statements issued by users.
40005 8 sql replace time Total time consumed by the REPLACE statements issued by the user.
40006 8 sql update count The total number of UPDATE statements issued by users.
40007 8 sql update time Total time consumed by user-initiated UPDATE statements, in microseconds.
40008 8 sql delete count Total number of DELETE statements issued by users.
40009 8 sql delete time Total time consumed by user-initiated DELETE statements, in microseconds.
40010 8 sql local count Number of SQL LOCAL executions.
40011 8 sql remote count Number of SQL REMOTE executions.
40012 8 sql distributed count The number of distributed executions of the SQL statement.
40013 8 active sessions The number of active sessions. The number of active sessions is calculated by adding one to the number of new connections and subtracting one from the number of disconnected connections.
40014 8 single query count Total number of statements sent over a non-multiple query protocol.
40015 8 multiple query count The total number of statements sent over the multiple query protocol.
40016 8 multiple query with one stmt count The number of statements sent using the multiple query protocol but actually containing only one SQL statement. The number of statements sent using the multiple query protocol but actually containing only one SQL statement.
40018 8 sql other count The number of executions of SQL statements other than SELECT, INSERT, REPLACE, UPDATE, DELETE, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK.
40019 8 sql other time Total execution time of SQL statements other than SELECT, INSERT, REPLACE, UPDATE, DELETE, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK, in microseconds.
40020 8 ps prepare count Number of PREPARE statements executed by PREPARE STATEMENT.
40021 8 ps prepare time The total time taken to execute the PREPARE statement, in microseconds.
40022 8 ps execute count Number of times PREPARE STATEMENT executes the EXECUTE statement.
40023 8 ps close count Number of CLOSE operations performed by PREPARE STATEMENT.
40024 8 ps close time Total time spent on executing CLOSE for PREPARE STATEMENT, in microseconds.
40025 8 sql commit count The number of COMMIT operations performed during SQL statement execution.
40026 8 sql commit time Total time spent on executing COMMIT operations, in microseconds. Cumulative COMMIT execution time.
40027 8 sql rollback count Number of Rollback executions.
40028 8 sql rollback time Total rollback time, in microseconds.
40030 8 opened cursors current The number of currently open cursors. The number of currently open cursors increases by 1 when a cursor is opened and decreases by 1 when a cursor is closed.
40031 8 opened cursors cumulative The cumulative number of open cursors. Each time a cursor is opened, the count increases by 1.
40102 8 sql inner insert count The total number of INSERT statements issued by the INNER SQL statement is 1.
40103 8 sql inner insert time Total time consumed by INSERT statements issued by INNER SQL, in microseconds1.
40104 8 sql inner replace count The total number of REPLACE statements issued by the INNER SQL statement1.
40105 8 sql inner replace time Total time consumed by the REPLACE statements issued by INNER SQL, in microseconds1.
40106 8 sql inner update count The total number of UPDATE statements issued by the INNER SQL 1.
40107 8 sql inner update time The total time consumed by the update statements issued by INNER SQL, in microseconds1.
40108 8 sql inner delete count The total number of DELETE statements issued by the INNER SQL 1.
40109 8 sql inner delete time The total time consumed by the DELETE statements issued by INNER SQL, in microseconds1.
40112 8 user logons cumulative The cumulative number of logins of the user.
40113 8 user logouts cumulative The cumulative number of times a user has logged out. This count increments by 1 each time the user disconnects from the session.
40114 8 user logons failed cumulative The cumulative number of failed login attempts of the user. It indicates the number of failures in the process of connecting to an OBServer node and establishing a session.
40115 8 user logons time cumulative Cumulative login duration of the user, in microseconds. This is the cumulative time spent on logging in and creating a session.
40117 8 sql remote execute time Total SQL REMOTE execution time, in microseconds. Total SQL REMOTE execution time.
40118 8 sql distributed execute time Total time for distributed execution of SQL statements, in microseconds. The total time for distributed execution is the cumulative time spent on distributed execution.
40119 8 sql fail count The number of SQL execution failures.
40120 8 inner sql local count Number of times INNER SQL LOCAL is executed.
40121 8 inner sql remote count Number of times INNER SQL statements are executed remotely.
40122 8 inner sql distributed count The number of times an INNER SQL statement is executed in distributed mode.

Note

Note 1: INNER SQL refers to SQL statements that are not sent by users, but are internally generated by OceanBase Database, typically used to query or modify internal tables.

Cache

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
50000 16 row cache hit The table get operator counts the number of times a data row is hit in the cache during prefetching. In the lookup_in_cache function, this field is incremented if the data row is found in the cache.
50001 16 row cache miss The number of times the table get operator prefetches data rows without hitting the cache. In the lookup_in_cache function, this field is incremented if the data row is not in the cache.
50004 16 bloom filter cache hit The macroblock Bloom filter cache hit count indicates that the SQL statement uses a pre-built macroblock Bloom filter2.
50005 16 bloom filter cache miss The number of cache misses for the macroblock Bloom filter indicates that the corresponding macroblock Bloom filter has not been constructed.2
50006 16 bloom filter filts The number of effective filter hits for the macroblock Bloom filter, where rows corresponding to each other do not exist2.
50007 16 bloom filter passes Number of unfiltered macroblock Bloom filters, indicating that the corresponding row may contain 2.
50008 16 block cache hit The number of times a microblock hit the block cache when fetched. When fetching a microblock, it is determined whether the microblock is in the cache. If the cache is hit, this counter increments by 1.
50009 16 block cache miss The number of times that a microblock is fetched without hitting the block cache. When fetching a microblock, it is checked whether the microblock is in the cache. If the cache is not hit, this counter increments by 1.
50010 16 location cache hit Number of location cache hits. This includes the number of hits in the ls_location_cache and tablet_ls_cache caches. When querying the mapping between tablets and logstreams or the location information of a logstream, if valid data is successfully retrieved from the local cache, the statistic value is incremented by 1. This event is triggered in the get method of ObTabletLSService and ObLSLocationService.
50011 16 location cache miss The number of location cache misses. This metric counts the number of misses in the ls_location_cache and tablet_ls_cache caches. It increments when valid data cannot be retrieved from the local cache (e.g., the cache does not exist, has expired, or is invalid) while querying the mapping between tablets and logstreams or the location information of a logstream. It also increments in the get methods of ObTabletLSService and ObLSLocationService when is_cache_hit is false.
50012 16 location cache wait The number of times a thread is blocked and waits when the concurrency for obtaining locations in OceanBase Location Cache reaches the upper limit. When Location Cache concurrently obtains location information, if the current concurrency has reached the maximum limit (max_count), the thread must wait on the semaphore. The count increments by 1 each time a thread enters a waiting state in the ObLocationSem::acquire method. This trigger is activated when has_wait is true, used to control the concurrency of location information acquisition and prevent excessive concurrent requests from putting pressure on the system.
50013 16 location cache get hit from proxy virtual table From__all_virtual_proxy_schemaGets the number of hits in the location cache. When querying tablet location information through a proxy virtual table (ObAllVirtualProxySchema), if the mapping between tablets and logstreams and the logstream location information can be successfully retrieved from the cache, this statistic value is incremented by 1.
50014 16 location cache get miss from proxy virtual table From__all_virtual_proxy_schemaGets the number of location cache misses. When querying tablet location information through a proxy virtual table (ObAllVirtualProxySchema), if the mapping between a tablet and a logstream or the logstream location information cannot be retrieved from the cache, this statistic increments by 1.
50017 16 location nonblock get hit Indicates the number of hits for non-blocking reads in the ls_location_cache and tablet_ls_cache. When using the nonblock_get method to query the mapping between a tablet and its logstreams or the location information of a logstream, if valid data is successfully retrieved from the local cache, the statistic value is incremented by 1. InObTabletLSService::nonblock_getandObLSLocationService::nonblock_getIn the method, it is triggered when OB_SUCC(ret) is true. Unlike the regular get method, nonblock_get does not wait for the cache to update and returns the result immediately.
50028 16 kvcache sync wash time The time consumed by flushing the cache memory when memory is insufficient, in microseconds. This value is added to the corresponding time when try_flush_washable_mb is called and cache flushing is performed.
50029 16 kvcache sync wash count The number of times the cache is flushed to memory when insufficient memory is available. This value increments by 1 each time the try_flush_washable_mb function is called and a cache flush is performed.
50033 16 fuse row cache hit The table get operator counts the number of times a non-MEMTable row is read from the cache. In the get_fuse_row_cache function, this field is incremented if the row corresponding to the rowkey is found in the cache.
50034 16 fuse row cache miss The number of times the table get operator fails to hit the cache when reading non-MEMTABLE rows. In the get_fuse_row_cache function, this counter increments if the row corresponding to the rowkey is not in the cache.
50035 16 schema cache hit The number of times a schema is successfully retrieved from the schema cache. When querying a schema, if the corresponding schema information is successfully obtained from the local cache, the statistic value is incremented by 1. InObSchemaCache::get_schemaIn the method, whencache_.get()Triggered when the call is successful.
50036 16 schema cache miss The number of times that the schema could not be obtained from the schema cache. When querying a schema, if the corresponding schema information cannot be retrieved from the local cache (the cache does not exist, has expired, or is invalid), this statistic increments by 1. InObSchemaCache::get_schemaIn the method, whencache_.get()Triggered when the call fails.
50037 16 tablet ls cache hit The number of times a cache hit occurs when reading a tablet. In the get_from_cache_ function, this field is incremented if the tablet is found in the cache.
50038 16 tablet ls cache miss The number of times that a tablet is not found in the cache during read operations. In the get_from_cache function, this field increments when the tablet is not in the cache.
50045 16 opt table stat cache hit The hit rate of the table/partition-level statistics cache. If a hit occurs, the statistics are directly read from memory. The unit is percentage. KVCache records the hit rate of the table/partition-level statistics cache.
50046 16 opt table stat cache miss The miss rate of the table/partition-level statistics cache. If a cache miss occurs, statistics must be loaded from the internal table into memory. The unit is percentage. KVCache records the miss rate of the table/partition-level statistics cache.
50047 16 opt column stat cache hit The hit rate of the column-level statistics cache. If a hit occurs, the statistics are directly read from memory. The unit is percentage. KVCache records the hit rate of the column-level statistics cache.
50048 16 opt column stat cache miss The miss rate of the column-level statistics cache. If a cache miss occurs, statistics must be loaded from the internal table into memory. The unit is percentage. KVCache records the miss rate of the column-level statistics cache.
50049 16 tmp page cache hit The number of cache hits for temporary files during page reads. Before reading data, the system first queries the KVCache. If a hit occurs, the data is read from the KVCache and the hit count is incremented by 1.
50050 16 tmp page cache miss The number of misses in the temporary file page cache when reading temporary files. Before reading data, the system first queries the KVCache. If a miss occurs, an I/O operation is performed and the miss count is incremented by 1.
50051 16 tmp block cache hit The number of hits for the 2 MB block cache when reading temporary files. Before reading data from disk, temporary files are queried in the KVCache to see if the data is cached. If a hit occurs, the data is read directly from the cache and the hit count is incremented by 1.
50052 16 tmp block cache miss The number of misses in the temporary file block cache when reading temporary files.
50055 16 opt ds stat cache hit The cache hit rate of statistics collected by dynamic sampling. If a cache hit occurs, the result in memory is directly read. The unit is percentage. KVCache statistics cache hit rate of dynamic sampling statistics.
50056 16 opt ds stat cache miss The cache miss rate of statistics collected by dynamic sampling. If a cache miss occurs, a sampling SQL query is initiated to collect statistics. The unit is percentage. KVCache records the cache hit rate of statistics collected by dynamic sampling.
50057 16 storage meta cache hit The number of hits in the secondary and tertiary metadata cache. Some larger metadata (over 1 KB), such as table schemas and multiple SSTables, is stored on data tablets. These metadata can be accessed on demand and do not need to reside in memory all the time. Therefore, we manage the memory lifecycle of these structures using a KVCache approach. These two metrics are the hit statistics for the metadata KVCache.
50058 16 storage meta cache miss The number of misses in the secondary and tertiary metadata cache. Some larger metadata (greater than 1 KB), such as table schemas and multiple SSTables, is stored on data tablets. These metadata can be accessed on demand and do not need to reside in memory all the time. Therefore, we use a KVCache mechanism to manage the memory lifecycle of these data structures. These two metrics are the hit statistics for the metadata KVCache.
50059 16 tablet cache hit The number of cache hits for storing tablet shards. A tablet, also known as a data shard, is a common structure used in many processes. When a tenant supports a large number of partitions, limited memory cannot guarantee that all tablets are resident in memory. Therefore, we use KVCache to manage the memory lifecycle of tablets. These metrics are related to the cache hit rate of tablets.
50060 16 tablet cache miss The number of cache misses for storing tablet shards. A tablet, or data shard, is a common structure used in many processes. When a tenant supports a large number of partitions, limited memory cannot ensure that all tablets are resident in memory. Therefore, we use KVCache to manage the memory lifecycle of tablets. These metrics are related to the cache hit rate of tablets.
50061 16 schema history cache hit Number of schema history cache hits. The schema history cache storesschema_type, tenant_id, schema_id, schema_versionThe mapping relationship from the current version number to the precise schema version number, avoiding repeated queries to system tables for the exact version number. If the corresponding precise schema version number is successfully retrieved from the history cache, the statistic value is incremented by 1.
50062 16 schema history cache miss Number of schema history cache misses. The schema history cache storesschema_type, tenant_id, schema_id, schema_versionThe mapping relationship from the current version to the precise schema version, avoiding repeated queries to system tables for the exact version number. If the corresponding precise schema version cannot be obtained from the history cache (the cache does not exist, has expired, or is invalid), the statistic value is incremented by 1.
50063 16 opt system stat cache hit The cache hit rate of the cost model system parameters. If a hit occurs, the cached result in memory is directly read. The unit is percentage. KVCache statistics for the cost model parameter cache hit rate.
50064 16 opt system stat cache miss The cache hit rate of the cost model system parameters. If a cache miss occurs, parameters related to the cost model need to be loaded from an internal table. The unit is percentage. KVCache records the cache miss rate of cost model parameters.
50065 16 log kv cache hit The number of hits in the cold cache. When reading logs from PALF, if the hot cache does not provide a hit, it attempts to read from the cold cache. If the requested log is found in the cold cache, this statistic increments by 1.
50066 16 log kv cache miss The number of misses in the cold cache. When reading logs from PALF, if the hot cache does not provide a hit, it attempts to read from the cold cache. If the requested log is not in the cold cache, this statistic increments by 1.
50067 16 data block cache miss The number of times that a data microblock was not found in the block cache when fetched. When fetching a data microblock, it is checked whether the microblock is in the cache. If the cache miss occurs, this counter increments by 1.
50068 16 index block cache miss The number of times that the block cache was not hit when retrieving intermediate index microblocks. When retrieving intermediate index microblocks, it is determined whether the data microblock is in the cache. If the cache is not hit, this counter increments by 1.
50069 16 multi version fuse row cache hit The number of times the table get operator hit the cache when reading rows from a materialized view.get_fuse_row_cacheIn the function, if the table is a materialized view, it checks whether the row corresponding to the rowkey is in the cache. If a hit is found, the count for that item is incremented by 1.
50070 16 multi version fuse row cache miss The number of times the table GET operator failed to hit the cache when reading rows from a materialized view.get_fuse_row_cacheIn the function, if the table is a materialized view, it checks whether the row corresponding to the rowkey is in the cache. If the cache does not hit, this counter is incremented by 1.
50071 16 backup index cache hit Number of backup index cache hits. Backups are cached for faster restore by first reading from the cache during recovery; if the cache is exhausted, the backup media is read.
50072 16 backup index cache miss Number of backup index cache misses. Backup indexes are placed in the cache. During restore, the cache is read first; if not found, the backup media is read.
50073 16 backup meta cache hit Number of cache hits for backup metadata. Backup metadata is placed in the cache. During restore, the cache is read first; if not found, the backup medium is read.
50074 16 backup meta cache miss Number of cache hits for backup metadata. Backup metadata is placed in the cache. During restore, the cache is read first; if not found, the backup medium is read.
50075 16 truncate info cache hit The number of times the cache is hit when reading truncate info. In the get_truncate_info_array function, this field indicates whether the truncate info is in the cache. If the cache is hit, this value is incremented by 1.
50076 16 truncate info cache miss The number of times that the cache was not hit when reading truncate info. In the get_truncate_info_array function, this field is incremented if the truncate info is not in the cache.
120001 16 tablet ls cache size The cache size of a tablet, in bytes.get_from_cacheIn the function, the cache of the tablet is used.
120002 16 table stat cache size The memory space occupied by table/partition-level statistics cache, in bytes. This statistic is collected by the KVCache module.
120003 16 table col stat cache size The memory space occupied by the column-level statistics cache, in bytes. The KVCache module collects statistics on the memory space used by the column-level statistics cache.
120004 16 index block cache size The cache size used by the microblock of the intermediate-layer index, in bytes. In the get_micro_block_handle function, the microblock of the intermediate-layer index is used.index_block_cache_.
120006 16 user block cache size The cache size used by the data microblock, in bytes. In the get_micro_block_handle function, this parameter is used to index the microblock.index_block_cache_.
120008 16 user row cache size The cache size in bytes used by the table get operator when prefetching data rows. This cache is utilized by the lookup_in_cache function.
120009 16 bloom filter cache size The total size of the macroblock Bloom filter cache, in bytes. User INSERT statements require checking for primary key conflicts. When the data to be checked resides on disk, a common performance optimization technique to avoid I/O is to build a Bloom filter for the relevant data range. This series of metrics are related to the Bloom filter cache.
120010 16 log kv cache size The size of logs read from the cold cache, in bytes. When reading logs from PALF, if the hot cache does not provide a hit, it attempts to read from the cold cache. If the requested log is in the cold cache, the size of the successfully read log from the cold cache is accumulated.
245054 16 external table disk cache hit count The number of hits in the external table data disk cache. Each time an external table is queried, if the disk caching feature (enabled by default) is enabled, this value increments by 1 for each macroblock hit. After enabling external table disk caching, external table data is split into chunks based on macroblocks and stored on disk.
245055 16 external table disk cache miss count The number of misses in the external table data disk cache. Each time an external table is queried, if the disk caching feature is enabled (which is the default), this value increments by 1 for each macroblock that is not hit.
245056 16 external table disk cache hit bytes Total hit size of external table data in disk cache, in bytes. Each time an external table is queried, if the disk caching feature is enabled (which is the default), this value increases by the size of each macroblock hit.
245057 16 external table disk cache miss bytes The total size of misses in the external table data disk cache, in bytes. Each time an external table is queried, if the disk caching feature is enabled (which is the default), this value increases by the size read for each macroblock that is missed.

Note

  • Note 2: User insertion statements require checking for primary key conflicts. When the data to be checked resides on disk, a common performance optimization technique to avoid I/O overhead is to build a Bloom filter for the relevant data range. The series of metrics here are related to Bloom filter caching.
  • Note 3: Macroblock cache can be categorized by cache type into META, TMP_FILE, MACRO, and HOT_MACRO. The META type includes all Meta-type macroblocks, TMP_FILE includes temporary file-type macroblocks; if a user designates a tablet as a hotspot tablet, all its corresponding macroblocks are of the HOT_MACRO type. Macroblocks that are not of these three types belong to the MACRO cache type. Different types of caches within the macroblock cache can coexist on the same storage space. Therefore, this value equals the disk size allocated for the tenant's macroblock cache minus a reserved portion.

Storage

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
60000 32 io read count Indicates the total IOPS for read I/O operations. After each read I/O operation is completed, the IO_READ_COUNT counter is incremented by 1.
60001 32 io read delay Represents the total latency of read I/O operations, in microseconds. The IO_READ_DELAY metric accumulates the hardware service latency for each read I/O operation. This latency is measured from the point in time when the request is dispatched to the disk until the disk completes processing and returns the result.
60002 32 io read bytes Indicates the total bandwidth for read I/O operations. This statistic counts the total amount of data read, in bytes. You can calculate the average read I/O per second by analyzing the change over a period of time. After each read I/O operation is completed, its read bandwidth is measured and accumulated into the IO_READ_BYTES metric.
60003 32 io write count Represents the total IOPS for write I/O operations. After each write I/O operation is completed, IO_WRITE_COUNT is incremented by 1.
60004 32 io write delay Represents the total latency of write I/O operations, in microseconds. The IO_READ_DELAY metric accumulates the hardware service latency for each write I/O operation. This latency is measured from the time the request is dispatched to the disk until the disk completes processing and returns a response.
60005 32 io write bytes Represents the total bandwidth for write I/O operations. This statistic counts the total amount of data written, in bytes. You can calculate the average based on the change over a period of time. After each write I/O operation is completed, its write bandwidth is measured and cumulatively added to the IO_WRITE_BYTES metric.
60006 32 memstore scan count The number of range queries on the MemTable. This value increments by 1 when a range query starts on the MemTable.
60007 32 memstore scan succ count The number of successful range queries on the MemTable. This value increments by 1 after a successful range query on the MemTable.
60008 32 memstore scan fail count The number of failed range queries on the MemTable. This value increments by 1 whenever a range query fails on the MemTable for any reason.
60009 32 memstore get count The number of point queries in the MemTable. This value is incremented when a point query starts in the MemTable.
60010 32 memstore get succ count The number of successful point queries in the MemTable. This value increments by 1 after a successful point query in the MemTable.
60011 32 memstore get fail count The number of point queries that fail in the MemTable. This value increments by 1 whenever a point query fails in the MemTable for any reason.
60012 32 memstore apply count The number of times the MemTable has been flushed to disk. This value increments by 1 when a flush to disk starts.
60013 32 memstore apply succ count The number of successful MemTable writes. This value increments by 1 after a successful MemTable write.
60014 32 memstore apply fail count The number of MemTable write failures. This value increments by 1 whenever a MemTable write fails for any reason.
60016 32 memstore get time The time consumed in a point query of the MemTable, in microseconds. Regardless of whether the point query succeeds or fails, this value is increased by the time spent on the query.
60017 32 memstore scan time The time consumed in a MemTable range query, in microseconds. This value increases regardless of whether the query succeeds or fails.
60018 32 memstore apply time The time consumed in writing to the MemTable, in microseconds. Regardless of whether the write to the MemTable succeeds or fails, this value records the time spent on the write operation.
60019 32 memstore read lock succ count The number of rows successfully read from the MemTable. This value increments by 1 after each row is successfully read from the MemTable.
60020 32 memstore read lock fail count The number of rows that failed to be read from the MemTable due to a read lock conflict timeout. During a read from the MemTable, if the data being read is in the process of being committed but its commit status and version number are uncertain (for example, it is in a state where the commit log is pending or the distributed transaction is pending, which lasts for a very short time), the read lock will be held. If the read fails due to this conflict timeout, this value is incremented by 1.
60021 32 memstore write lock succ count The number of rows successfully written to the MemTable. During the write process to the MemTable, lock conflicts, lost updates, and primary key conflicts are verified. If no such conflicts occur, this value is incremented by 1.

Note

Rows that pass verification in the MemTable may still fail verification when written to the SSTable.

60022 32 memstore write lock fail count The number of rows that failed to be written to the MemTable due to conflicts. During the write process to the MemTable, lock conflicts, lost updates, and primary key conflicts are verified. If any of these conflicts occur, this value is incremented by 1.

Note

This does not include verifications on SSTables.

60023 32 memstore wait write lock time The wait time in microseconds for a request awakened after a lock conflict during MemTable write. During a MemTable write, if a lock conflict occurs, the request is placed into the lock conflict queue. This value includes the time from when the request was placed in the queue until it is awakened.
60024 32 memstore wait read lock time The wait time for a read lock conflict in the MemTable, in microseconds. During a read from the MemTable, if the data being read is committed but its commit status and version number are uncertain (for example, it is in a state where the log is pending commit or the distributed transaction is pending commit, which lasts for a very short time), the read operation will wait on the lock. This value includes the wait time.
60027 32 io prefetch micro block count Total number of I/O operations for microblock cache. Query path optimization loads the microblocks required from disk into memory via prefetching, which is known as microblock caching. This metric records the total number of times the system loads disk microblocks. Combined with the microblock cache hit rate on internal tables, it can measure the effectiveness of query performance optimization in the system.
60028 32 io prefetch micro block bytes The total number of bytes of I/O operations in the microblock cache, in bytes. Query path optimization loads microblocks from disk into memory via prefetching, which is stored in the microblock cache. This metric indicates the total number of bytes of disk microblocks loaded by the system. Combined with the microblock cache hit rate on internal tables, it can measure the effectiveness of query performance optimization in the system.
60031 32 storage read row count The number of times the rows after the fuse are processed in the non-pushdown path of the table scan operator, in rows.process_fuse_rowThis counter is incremented by 1 each time the function is called.
60032 32 storage delete row count The DML statement affected row sub-item refers to the actual number of valid rows deleted. The statistic increments by 1 each time a row is deleted in the storage engine.
60033 32 storage insert row count The affected row sub-item of DML statements refers to the actual number of valid rows inserted. The statistic increments by 1 each time a row is inserted into the storage engine.
60034 32 storage update row count The number of rows updated by the UPDATE operation. When the update_rows function is called, this value is incremented by the number of rows updated.
60037 32 memstore row purge count This feature is deprecated starting from V4.4.1.
60038 32 memstore row compaction count The number of times sparse multi-version compactions on a MemTable row are merged into a compact version. A sparse multi-version is stored in a MemTable row, recording only the changed columns. When the number of versions increases, MemTable generates a compact single version to improve read performance. This value increments by 1 each time a compact single version is generated.
60056 32 memstore read row count The number of rows read from the MemTable before filtering. This value increments by 1 each time a row is read from the MemTable.
60057 32 ssstore read row count The number of major SSTables, minor SSTables, and mini SSTables read from the pushdown path and non-pushdown path. The number on the pushdown path includes filtered rows, which is equivalent to the total number of rows within the specified range in the SSTables that follow the pushdown path. Rowstore includes rows skipped by skip index pre-fetching, while columnstore does not. The number on the non-pushdown path includes filtered rows, but excludes uncommitted rows, rolled-back rows, and multi-version rows within microblocks.
60058 32 memstore write bytes The amount of data successfully written to the MemTable, in bytes. After data is successfully written to the MemTable, the size of the primary key and the data volume are tallied and incremented.
60068 32 memstore write lock wakenup count in lock_wait_mgr The number of times a request is awakened after a lock conflict occurs during a write to the MemTable. During a write to the MemTable, if a lock conflict arises, the request is placed in the lock conflict queue. If the request is awakened, this value is incremented by 1.
60077 32 get row effect read The table get operator retrieves the number of valid rows from a microblock.ObMicroBlockRowGetter::get_block_rowIn the function, if the row flag of the read row is not DF_NOT_EXIST, this counter is incremented by 1.
60078 32 get row empty read table The number of invalid rows read from the microblock by the GET operator, in rows.ObMicroBlockRowGetter::get_block_rowIn the function, if the row flag of the read row is DF_NOT_EXIST, this counter is incremented by 1.
60083 32 memstore write lock wait timeout count The number of times a lock conflict during MemTable write did not wake up the request and timed out. During the writing process to a MemTable, if a lock conflict occurs, the request is placed into the lock conflict queue. If the request times out before being awakened, this value is incremented by 1.
60084 32 accessed data micro block count by io The number of microblocks that require I/O operations because they are not cached. This value increments by 1 when a data microblock is fetched via I/O instead of from the cache.
60085 32 data micro block cache hit The number of data microblocks that hit the block cache when fetched. When fetching data microblocks, it checks whether the microblock is in the cache. If a hit occurs, this counter increments by 1.
60086 32 accessed index micro block count by io The number of microblocks that require I/O operations when retrieving intermediate-layer index microblocks and no cache hit is detected. This metric increments by 1 when intermediate-layer index microblocks are not retrieved from the cache but instead require an I/O operation.
60087 32 index micro block cache hit The number of times a block cache hit occurs when fetching an intermediate index microblock. When fetching an intermediate index microblock, it is determined whether the microblock is in the cache. If a cache hit occurs, this item is incremented by 1.
60088 32 blockscaned data micro block count The number of microblocks opened via the pushdown path, including both rowstore and columnstore microblocks that skip pre-fetch via the index. For columnstore tables with multiple CGs, the microblock counts are cumulative. Unit: microblocks. Rowstore: When opening a microblock, check if the pushdown path is available; if so, increment this count by 1. Columnstore: When opening a microblock via the pushdown path, increment this count by 1.
60089 32 blockscaned row count The total number of rows within the specified range that are opened in microblocks under the pushdown path. This includes filtered rows (no uncommitted rows, rolled-back rows, or multi-version rows within a microblock exist for pushdown; no inter-microblock multi-version rows exist for rowstore, which means no rowkey intersection, while columnstore may have inter-microblock multi-version rows). For rowstore, this includes rows skipped by skip index; for columnstore, it does not. The number of rows across multiple CGs in a columnstore table is not cumulative. Unit: number of rows.
  • Rowstore: When opening a microblock, it is determined whether the pushdown path can be taken. If so, the total number of rows in this microblock is added to this value.
  • Columnstore: After filter completion or projection completion, the total number of processed rows is added to this value.
60090 32 storage filtered row count Total rows filtered by pushdown or non-pushdown filters. During filtering, this value is incremented by the number of rows filtered out. For rowstore, this includes rows skipped via skip index pre-fetching; for columnstore, it does not include such rows.
60091 32 minor ssstore read row count The number of minor SSTables and mini SSTables read from the pushed-down path or non-pushed-down path, in rows. The pushed-down path includes filtered rows, which is equivalent to the total number of rows within the range for the minor/mini SSTables that follow the pushed-down path. The non-pushed-down path includes filtered rows but excludes uncommitted rows, rolled-back rows, and multi-version rows within microblocks.
60092 32 major ssstore read row count The number of rows in the major SSTable read from the pushdown and non-pushdown paths. The number for the pushdown path includes filtered rows, which is equivalent to the total number of rows within the range in the major SSTable that follows the pushdown path. Rowstore includes skipped rows by skip index, while columnstore does not. The number for the non-pushdown path includes filtered rows but excludes uncommitted rows, rolled-back rows, and multi-version rows within microblocks.
60093 32 storage waiting throttle time To dynamically match the system's minor compaction rate, when the minor compaction speed cannot keep up with memory write speed, memory allocation for certain modules is throttled. This parameter records the total duration of these memory allocation throttles, in microseconds. When the memory usage of modules such as MemTable (TxData, Mds) exceeds a certain threshold, the thread sleeps for a period after each memory allocation. The total duration of these sleeps is accumulated into this statistic.
69000 32 backup io read count This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69001 32 backup io read bytes This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69002 32 backup io write count This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69003 32 backup io write bytes This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69010 32 backup delete count This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69012 32 backup io read delay This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69013 32 backup io write delay This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69017 32 backup delete delay This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69019 32 backup io list count This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69020 32 backup io read failed count This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69021 32 backup io write failed count This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69022 32 backup io delete failed count This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69023 32 backup io list failed count This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69024 32 backup io tagging count This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
69025 32 backup io tagging failed count This metric is deprecated starting from V4.4.1. Please check this metric in the I/O Manager.
130000 32 active memstore used The size of the active memstore on a node, in bytes. Memstores are used for replay and write operations on a node. When the usage of a memstore reaches a certain threshold, a freeze is triggered. All unfrozen memstores are called active memstores.
130001 32 total memstore used The total memory used by the tenant's memstores on the node, in bytes. This memory usage includes both active and frozen memstores, that is, the total memory used by all memstores of the tenant on this node.
130002 32 major freeze trigger The size of the memstore that triggers a freeze, in bytes. In the get_tenant_memstore_cond function, it is calculated by adding memstore_freeze_trigger to max_cached_memstore_size.
130004 32 memstore limit The maximum memory that the tenant's memstore can use on the node, in bytes. You specify the memory limit for the user tenant by using thememstore_limit_percentageand_memstore_limit_percentageConfigure the maximum upper limit for the size of the memstore. Specifically,memstore_limit_percentageis at the cluster level,_memstore_limit_percentageIt is at the tenant level._memstore_limit_percentagehas a higher priority thanmemstore_limit_percentageIf neither parameter is set, the available MemStore ratio for tenants smaller than 8 GB is 40%, and for tenants larger than 8 GB, it is 50%.
240022 32 object storage io head count The number of HEAD operations on object storage. This count increments by 1 each time a HEAD request is made to object storage.
240023 32 object storage io head fail count The number of HEAD operations that failed in object storage. This count increases by 1 when a HEAD request to object storage fails.

Resources

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
140001 64 min memory size The memory specification of a tenant determines its maximum memory. The OmtNodeBalancer background thread periodically checks the memory usage of tenants and adjusts the memory allocation for tenants that exceed their configured memory limits.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGSThe table retrieves the tenant's latest min_memory value and updates it to the Limit field of the ObTenantMemoryMgr object.
140002 64 max memory size The memory specification of a tenant determines its maximum memory size, in bytes. The OmtNodeBalancer background thread periodically collects memory usage data from the tenants and adjusts the memory quota of each tenant based on the specified memory policy.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGSThe table retrieves the tenant's latest min_memory and updates it to the Limit of the ObTenantMemoryMgr.
140003 64 memory usage The memory occupied by the tenant, in bytes. ObTenantMemoryMgr maintains a real-time memory value that records the actual memory usage of the tenant.
140004 64 min cpus Represents the CPU specifications of a tenant. It determines the number of worker threads that reside in the tenant and the number of threads for some background modules. The OmtNodeBalancer background thread periodically collects data from theDBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGSThe table obtains the latest max_cpu and synchronizes it to the multi-tenancy environment. The OmtNodeBalancer background thread periodically adjusts the number of worker threads based on the synchronized max_cpu.
140005 64 max cpus Represents the CPU specifications of a tenant. It determines the number of worker threads that reside in the tenant and the number of threads for some background modules. When cgroup is enabled, it also determines the upper limit of CPU usage for tenant threads. The OmtNodeBalancer background thread periodically checks fromDBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGSThe table obtains the latest max_cpu and synchronizes it to the multi-tenancy environment. The OmtNodeBalancer background thread periodically adjusts the number of worker threads based on the synchronized max_cpu.
140006 64 cpu usage Indicates the thread utilization of tenant worker threads, reflecting how busy the tenant worker threads are, in percentage. The OmtNodeBalancer background thread calculates the proportion of time spent processing requests by tenant worker threads to the total time every 10 seconds, normalizes this value, and then multiplies it by the tenant's min_cpu to obtain the cpu_usage statistic.
140008 64 observer memory used size The actual memory used by the OBServer node, in bytes. AChunkMgr maintains a real-time memory value that records the actual memory usage of the OBServer node (less than or equal to the actual memory occupied).
140009 64 observer memory free size The chunk cache of an OBServer node. AChunkMgr maintains a real-time memory value that records the cache size of the OBServer node. The cache represents the amount of memory allocated but not yet in use by the OBServer node.
140010 64 is mini mode Whether the OBServer node process is in mini mode. An OBServer node is considered to be in mini mode if its memory is less than 12 GB.
140011 64 observer memory hold size The memory occupied by the OBServer node, including cache and all user data, in bytes. AChunkMgr maintains a real-time memory value that records the memory usage of the OBServer node.
140012 64 worker time Total time spent by tenant worker threads in a busy state, in microseconds. The OmtNodeBalancer background thread collects statistics on the total request-handling time of tenant worker threads every 10 seconds and accumulates it in the worker_time value.
140013 64 cpu time The total CPU time consumed by tenant worker threads and background threads, in microseconds.
  • With cgroup enabled: Read the cpuacct_usage file in the tenant's cgroup directory to obtain the total CPU time of the tenant's threads.
  • Without cgroup enabled: The OmtNodeBalancer background thread traverses all tenant threads every 10 seconds, calculates the difference between the contents of the /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/stat files from two traversals, computes the incremental CPU time, and sums it up.
140014 64 effective observer memory limit The maximum memory for an OBServer node, in bytes. This value is node-level and can only be queried by the sys tenant.
  • By default, if the parameter memory_limit_percentage is configured, the maximum memory for an OBServer node is calculated as memory_limit_percentage * the server's physical memory.
  • You can set the parameter memory_limit to specify the maximum memory for an OBServer node.
140015 64 effective system memory Reserved memory and hidden sys memory for 500 tenants, in bytes. By default, an appropriate value is automatically determined based on the memory_limit parameter; you can also explicitly specify it using the system_memory parameter.
140016 64 effective hidden sys memory The memory cap for the sys tenant, in bytes. Each OBServer node allocates a portion of its memory for the sys tenant. By default, this value is dynamically determined based on the memory parameter system_memory; users can also explicitly specify it using the parameter _hidden_sys_tenant_memory.
140017 64 max session num The maximum number of sessions allowed for a tenant. The maximum number of sessions allowed for a tenant is calculated based on the tenant's memory size.
140018 64 kvcache hold The memory size occupied by the KVCache, in bytes. The memory manager collects statistics on the memory usage of the KVCache.
140019 64 unmanaged memory size The memory size directly read from the mmap by database functions, in bytes. It is a global memory value that records in real time the memory requested by database function calls to mmap/unmap. Specifically, it refers to the memory requested by third-party library functions called on the OBServer node via mmap.

Logs

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
70000 128 refresh schema count Number of successful schema refreshes. This value increments each time a schema refresh operation is successfully completed when OceanBase Database requires a schema refresh. InObServerSchemaService::refresh_schemaThe method. This operation includes a complete refresh.refresh_full_schemaand incremental refreshrefresh_increment_schemaTwo modes are used to maintain consistency between the local metadata cache and system tables.
70001 128 refresh schema time The total time consumed for schema refresh is accumulated, in microseconds. When OceanBase Database refreshes a schema, it calculates the total time spent on the entire refresh process. InObServerSchemaService::refresh_schemaIn the method, when OB_SUCC(ret) is True, the time difference from the start to the end of the method is accumulated. This includes full refreshes.refresh_full_schemaand incremental refreshrefresh_increment_schemaAll costs in both modes.
70002 128 inner sql connection execute count Number of inner SQL executions. The count increments by 1 for each executed inner SQL statement.
70003 128 inner sql connection execute time Total time spent on inner SQL execution, in microseconds. The total time is the cumulative sum of inner SQL execution times.
70006 128 log stream table operator get count From__all_ls_meta_tableThe number of times the table successfully reads the loaded LS information. When using theObLSTableOperatorFrom__all_ls_meta_tableWhen the table retrieves log stream information, each successful retrieval will have als_infoThe count value is incremented by 1. InObLSTableOperator::getThe method. The operator can obtain log stream information from memory, RPC, or persistent tables for location caching and metadata management.
70007 128 log stream table operator get time From__all_ls_meta_tableThe cumulative time consumed by the table for reading and loading LS information, in microseconds. When passing throughObLSTableOperatorFrom__all_ls_meta_tableWhen a table fetches log stream information, it calculates the total time consumed for the entire process. InObLSTableOperator::getIn this method, the time difference from the start to the end of the method is accumulated. This includes all overhead for obtaining log stream information from memory, RPC, or persistent tables.
160001 128 oblogger log bytes The cumulative total size of printed logs, in bytes. This refers to the output and printing process of system logs such as observer.log.
160002 128 election log bytes Cumulative size of printed election logs, in bytes. This refers to the cumulative size of the election.log files that have been printed.
160004 128 oblogger total log count The cumulative number of log prints. This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160019 128 async error log dropped count The number of times an ERROR log failed to be printed (due to throttling or other reasons). This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160020 128 async warn log dropped count The number of WARN logs that failed to be printed. This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160021 128 async info log dropped count The number of INFO log printing failures (due to throttling or other reasons). This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160022 128 async trace log dropped count The number of failed TRACE log prints. This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160023 128 async debug log dropped count The number of DEBUG log print failures (due to throttling or other reasons). This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160024 128 async log flush speed Average number of logs written per second. This refers to the output and printing process of system logs such as observer.log.
160025 128 async generic log write count The default number of successful log prints. This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160026 128 async user request log write count Deprecated and only retained in code. Refers to the output printing process for system logs such as observer.log.
160027 128 async data maintain log write count The number of successful minor compaction log prints. This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160028 128 async root service log write count The number of successful RS log prints. This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160029 128 async schema log write count The number of Schema log printing failures (due to throttling or other reasons). This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160030 128 async force allow log write count The number of successful forced log prints. This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160031 128 async generic log dropped count The default number of times that log printing fails (due to throttling or other reasons). This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160032 128 async user request log dropped count Deprecated and only retained in code. Refers to the output printing process for system logs such as observer.log.
160033 128 async data maintain log dropped count The number of times minor compaction logs failed to be printed (due to throttling or other reasons). This refers to the process of outputting system logs such as observer.log.
160034 128 async root service log dropped count The number of RS log printing failures (due to throttling or other reasons). This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160035 128 async schema log dropped count The number of Schema log printing failures (due to throttling or other reasons). This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.
160036 128 async force allow log dropped count The number of forced log printing failures (due to throttling or other reasons). This refers to the output process of system logs such as observer.log.

CLOG

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
80001 256 palf write io count to disk The number of times a clog is written to disk. This statistic increments when a clog is successfully written to disk.
80002 256 palf write size to disk The size of data written to disk by clogs, in bytes. When a clog is successfully written to disk, the size of the successfully written data is accumulated.
80003 256 palf write total time to disk The time consumed in writing a clog to disk, in microseconds. When a clog is successfully written to disk, the time consumed for this write is accumulated.
80004 256 palf read count from hot cache The number of hits for reading from the hot cache. When reading logs from PALF, it first attempts to read from the hot cache. If the requested log is found in the hot cache, this statistic increments by 1.
80005 256 palf read size from hot cache The size of logs read from the hot cache, in bytes. When reading logs from PALF, the system first attempts to retrieve them from the hot cache. If the requested log is found in the hot cache, the size of that log is added to the total size of logs read from the hot cache.
80006 256 palf read total time from hot cache The time consumed in reading a clog from the hot cache, in microseconds. When reading logs from PALF, it first attempts to retrieve them from the hot cache. If the requested log is found in the hot cache, the time spent reading it from the hot cache is accumulated.
80007 256 palf read io count from disk The number of disk I/Os for reading clogs. This statistic value increments by 1 each time a clog is successfully read from disk.
80008 256 palf read size from disk The size of the clogs read from disk, in bytes. When a clog is successfully read from disk, the size of the clog is accumulated.
80009 256 palf read total time from disk The time consumed by reading a clog from disk, in microseconds. When a clog is successfully read from disk, the time consumed for this read is accumulated.
80010 256 palf handle rpc request count The number of RPCs processed by the PALF layer. PALF increments this statistic by 1 after each RPC is processed.
80011 256 archive read log size Total amount of Clogs read from log archive, in bytes. This metric periodically measures the total amount of logs read by the log pull module per unit time and then accumulates the data. The statistical period is 10 seconds, and the unit is bytes.
80012 256 archive write log size Total amount of clogs written to the archive medium for log archiving, in bytes. This metric periodically measures the total volume of logs written to the archive medium by the log archiving module per unit time and then accumulates the data. The statistical period is 10 seconds, and the unit is bytes.
80013 256 restore read log size Total amount of clogs read by the log restore module, in bytes. Each time the log restore module triggers reading remote logs, it accumulates the amount of logs read. The unit is bytes.
80014 256 restore write log size Total number of clogs committed by the log restore module, in bytes. Each time the log restore module triggers log commit, it accumulates the volume of logs to be committed. The unit is bytes.
80057 256 clog trans log total size The amount of data committed to PALF in bytes. Transactions commit logs to PALF, and this value increases by the size of the committed logs after the log commit is complete.
80058 256 log storage compress original size The cumulative original size of logs before compression submitted by the upper layer to the PALF layer, in bytes. When log compression is enabled, the size of logs is compressed each time the upper layer calls the APPEND interface of the PALF layer to submit logs, and the compressed log size is accumulated.
80059 256 log storage compress compressed size The cumulative size of compressed logs submitted by the upper layer to the PALF layer, in bytes. When log compression is enabled, the size of each log record is compressed whenever the upper layer calls the APPEND interface of the PALF layer to submit a log record. The compressed log size is accumulated.
81001 256 external log service fetch log size The size of logs pulled by the log synchronization link (such as OBCDC or network standby databases) from this node, in bytes. Each time an RPC sent by a downstream synchronization link is processed, the size of the logs returned by this RPC is counted and added to the [G]V$SYSSTAT statistics.
81002 256 external log service fetch log count The number of logs pulled by log synchronization links (such as OBCDC and network standby databases) from this node. Each time an RPC sent by a downstream synchronization link is processed, the number of logs returned by this RPC is counted and added to the [G]V$SYSSTAT statistic.
81003 256 external log service fetch rpc count The number of RPCs sent by log synchronization links (such as OBCDC and network standby databases) to pull logs from this node. Each time an RPC sent by a downstream synchronization link is processed, the count for this statistic increments by 1.

Root Service

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
110015 2048 success rpc process The number of RPC requests successfully processed by the Root Service. This statistic increments by 1 each time the Root Service successfully processes an RPC request. It includes all RPC requests sent to the Root Service and executed successfully.
110016 2048 failed rpc process The number of times the Root Service fails to process an RPC request. This statistic increments by 1 each time the Root Service fails to process an RPC request. It includes all RPC requests sent to the Root Service but that fail to execute.
110017 2048 balancer succ execute count The number of successful RS unit load balancing operations. This statistic increments by 1 each time the Root Service load balancer successfully performs a unit balancing operation.
110018 2048 balancer failed execute count The number of failed RS unit load balancing operations. This statistic increments by 1 each time the root service load balancer fails to perform a unit load balancing operation.

ASH

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
200001 3072 DB time The total time spent by the foreground process on database operations, including the cumulative values of CPU time and non-idle wait time, in microseconds. OceanBase Database periodically updates the Time Model-related statistics. When a thread is active, it is either in the ON_CPU state or waiting for an event. The Time Model-related statistics are accumulated based on the duration of each state.
200002 3072 DB CPU The CPU time consumed by the foreground process, in microseconds. OceanBase Database periodically updates the Time Model-related statistics internally. When a thread is active, it must be in the ON_CPU state or waiting for an event. The Time Model-related statistics are accumulated based on the duration of each state the thread spends.
200005 3072 background elapsed time The total execution time of background processes, in microseconds. OceanBase Database periodically updates the Time Model-related statistics internally. When a thread is active, it must be in the ON_CPU state or waiting for an event. The Time Model-related statistics are accumulated based on the duration of each state it spends.
200006 3072 background cpu time The CPU time consumed by the background process, in microseconds. OceanBase Database periodically updates the Time Model statistics. When a thread is active, it must be in the ON_CPU state or waiting for an event. The Time Model statistics are accumulated based on the duration of each state.
200010 3072 non idle wait time The time that the foreground process is waiting non-idle, which is the total time that a session is in a waiting state but not idly waiting, in microseconds. OceanBase Database periodically updates Time Model-related statistics internally. When a thread is active, it must be in the ON_CPU state or a waiting-for-event state. The Time Model-related statistics are accumulated based on the duration of each state it spends.
200011 3072 idle wait time The idle wait time of the foreground process, that is, the total time the session is in an idle wait state, in microseconds. OceanBase Database periodically updates Time Model-related statistics internally. When a thread is active, it must be in the ON_CPU state or waiting for an event. The Time Model-related statistics are accumulated based on the duration of each state it remains in.
200012 3072 background database time The total time spent by background processes on database operations, in microseconds. OceanBase Database periodically updates the Time Model statistics internally. When a thread is active, it must be in the ON_CPU state or waiting for an event. The Time Model statistics are accumulated based on the duration of each state.
200013 3072 background database non-idle wait time The time spent by a background process on database operations in non-idle wait states, in microseconds. OceanBase Database periodically updates the Time Model-related statistics internally. When a thread is active, it must be in the ON_CPU state or a wait-for-event state. The Time Model-related statistics are accumulated based on the duration of each state.
200014 3072 background database idle wait time The time spent by a background process in an idle wait state performing database operations, in microseconds. OceanBase Database periodically updates the Time Model-related statistics internally. When a thread is active, it is either in the ON_CPU state or waiting for an event. The Time Model-related statistics are accumulated based on the duration of each state.
200015 3072 diagnostic info object allocated count Total number of diagnostic objects allocated. Diagnostic objects on OBServer nodes store diagnostic statistics for database foreground and background tasks (including SQL and RPC). They are typically allocated at the start of a task and reclaimed at the end of the task.
200016 3072 diagnostic info object allocate failure count Total number of failed diagnostic object allocations, in units. Diagnostic objects on OBServer nodes are used to store diagnostic statistics for database foreground and background tasks (including SQL and RPC). They are typically allocated at the start of a task and reclaimed at the end of the task.
200017 3072 diagnostic info object returned count Total number of reclaimed diagnostic objects, in units. Diagnostic objects on an OBServer node are used to store diagnostic statistics for database foreground and background tasks (including SQL and RPC). They are typically allocated at the start of a task and reclaimed at the end of the task.
200018 3072 diagnostic info object return failure count Total number of failed diagnostic object reclaims. Diagnostic objects on OBServer nodes store diagnostic statistics for database foreground and background tasks (including SQL and RPC). They are typically allocated at the start of a task and reclaimed at the end of the task.
220001 3072 concurrency wait total time The total wait time caused by wait events of the Concurrency category, such as wait time due to resource locking. The unit is microseconds. It is obtained by accumulating and summarizing the corresponding wait events in OceanBase Database.
220002 3072 user io wait total time The total time spent by a user process waiting for I/O operations (such as reading or writing data to disk) to complete, in microseconds. This value is derived from the cumulative summary of wait events analogously calculated by OceanBase Database.
220003 3072 application wait total time The total wait time generated by user application code, such as lock waits caused by row-level locks or explicit lock commands, in microseconds. This value is derived from the cumulative summary of corresponding wait events in OceanBase Database.
220004 3072 schedule wait total time Total time consumed by wait events of the SCHEDULER category, in microseconds. This value is obtained by accumulating and summarizing the corresponding wait events in OceanBase Database.
220005 3072 network wait total time The total time consumed by network-related wait events, in microseconds. This value is obtained by accumulating and summarizing the corresponding wait events in OceanBase Database.

TableAPI

For more information about TableAPI monitoring metrics, see OBKV-Table monitoring metrics in the OBKV documentation.

WR

Metric ID
Type of the metric
Metric name
Description
210001 8192 wr snapshot task elapse time The total time consumed in collecting WR (Workload Repository) snapshots, in microseconds. WR periodically collects data from internal OceanBase Database views to record the system status and provides related views for user display and management operations through the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package.
210002 8192 wr snapshot task cpu time Collects the total CPU time consumed by WR (Workload Repository) snapshots, in microseconds. WR periodically collects data from internal OceanBase Database views to record system status and provides related views for user display and management operations through the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package.
210003 8192 wr purge task elapse time WR (Workload Repository) The total time consumed by deleting a WR snapshot task, in microseconds. WR periodically collects data from internal OceanBase Database views to record the system status, and provides related views for user display and management operations through the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package.
210004 8192 wr purge task cpu time WR (Workload Repository) The total CPU time consumed by the WR snapshot deletion task, in microseconds. WR periodically collects data from internal OceanBase Database views to record system status and provides related views for user display and management operations through the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package.
210005 8192 wr schedular elapse time The total time consumed by WR (Workload Repository) scheduling tasks, in microseconds. WR periodically collects data from internal OceanBase Database views to record system status and provides related views for user display and management operations through the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package.
210006 8192 wr schedular cpu time The total CPU time consumed by a WR (Workload Repository) import task, in microseconds. WR periodically collects data from internal OceanBase Database views to record system status, and provides related views for user display and management operations through the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package.
210007 8192 wr user submit snapshot elapse time The total time consumed in collecting WR (Workload Repository) snapshots, in microseconds. WR periodically collects internal views of OceanBase Database to record the system status and provides related views for user display and management operations through the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package.
210008 8192 wr user submit snapshot cpu time The total CPU time consumed in collecting the workload repository (WR) snapshot, in microseconds. WR periodically collects internal views of OceanBase Database to record the system status and provides related views for user display and management operations through the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package.
210009 8192 wr collected active session history row count Total number of rows in ASH (ob_active_session_history) collected by WR, in rows. WR periodically collects data from internal OceanBase views to record system status and provides related views for user display and management operations through the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package.
210010 8192 ash schedular elapse time Total time spent by ASH sampling threads, in microseconds. ASH is a diagnostic mechanism based on sampling records from all active sessions within OceanBase Database. It uses background threads to sample the operational status of active sessions every second.
210011 8192 ash schedular cpu time The total CPU time consumed by ASH sampling threads, in microseconds. ASH is a diagnostic mechanism based on sampling records from all active sessions within OceanBase Database. It uses background threads to sample the runtime status of active sessions every second.

References

For an overview of specific monitoring metrics, see Overview of system monitoring metrics.

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